Acinic cell carcinoma differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 15:26, 27 September 2019

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ramyar Ghandriz MD [2]

Overview

Acinic cell carcinoma is a head and neck tumor happening in the salivary glands. If a patient was observed with related signs, the tumor must be classified as a benign or invasive by the capsule being intact. Differential diagnosis of a malignant tumor in the salivary gland is made after the incision and by histology features which will provide a good chemotherapy regimen for so-called patients.

Differentiating acinic cell carcinoma from other Diseases

Based on tumor site differentiation is as below:

Diseases	Benign/ Malignant	Clinical manifestation						Paraclinical findings			Gold standard diagnosis
		Demography	History	Symptoms		Signs		Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging
		Demography	History	Pain	Dysphagia	Mass exam	Others	Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging
Pleomorphic adenoma^[1]^[2]	Benign	More common in females Incidence increase with age Incidence: 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 population	History of swelling Dysphagia Hoarseness	−	+	Palpable mass of deep lobe of parotid gland Firm Mobile	−	−	Proliferation of epithelial cells and stromal matrix in the ducts	MRI: Homogenous on T1 Abundant myxochondroid stroma on T2	Biopsy
Warthin's tumor^[3]^[4]	Benign	Male to female ratio: 4:1 More common in people aged 60-70 years old	History of swollen salivary gland Jaw pain Tinnitus	−	+	Non tender Mobile Firm Solitary	−	−	Papillae Fibrous capsule Cystic spaces	Neck CT: Cystic lesion posteriorly within the parotid gland MRI: B/L heterogeneous lesions	Biopsy
Oncocytoma ^[5]	Benign	Race: Caucasian patients predilection Gender: No gender preference Age: 50–70 years	Growing palpable painless mass Facial swelling Lymphadenopathy (if transformed to malignant)	±	±	Firm, multilobulated Mobile mass	Normal Redness Swelling Skin ulceration	Normal Anemia	Epithelial cells with eosinophilic Granular cytoplasm Rich in mitochondria	CT: Isodense expansive mass Enhancement after intravenous contrast Hypodense areas MRI: Isodensties on T1 Mass is hyperintense on T2 Enhancement on contrast	Incisional biopsy and histopathological examination
Monomorphic adenoma ^[6]^[7]^[8]	Benign or malignant	Age: 26-76 years Rare in children Gender: No predilection	Growing palpable painless mass on jaw or in oral cavity Facial swelling Lymphadenopathy (if transformed to malignant) Pain and ulceration (in later stage)	±	±	Nodular Fluctuant swelling	Normal Redness Skin ulceration May have lymphadenopathy	Normal	Straw colored fluid on aspiration	Ultrasound: Used to biopsy the lesion May show cystic an solid components CT: useful for lesions with calcification and venous phleboliths MRI: Test of choice Differentiate benign from malignant Defines tumor extent Shows perineural spread	Incisional biopsy and histopathological examination
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma ^[9]	Malignant	Age: Mean age of 59 Female predilection	Painlesss mass Swelling in oral cavity Lymphadenopathy	±	±	Cystic and solid mass	May have lymphadenopathy	−	Gross findings: Firm Tan-white to yellow Bosselated Cystic Microscopic findings: Encapsulated squamous and glandular components	Cystic and solid component with variable appearance on CT and MRI	Incisional biopsy and histopathological examination
Adenoid cystic carcinoma ^[10]	Malignant	Age: 40s-60s Gender: Female predominance	Slow growing rare tumor with low recurrence	±	±	Solid mass	Normal to ulcerated lesions May have lymphadenopathy	−	Gross findings: Tubular Cribriform Solid pattern of growth Microscopic findings: Components of large cells with pleomorphic nuclei Increased mitotic activity Focal necrosis	Imaging reveal dimensions of the tumor, local spread, and distant metastasis	Biopsy and histopathological examination
Adenocarcinoma ^[11]	Malignant	Age: young age predilection	Its a tumor of minor salivary glands May present as small ulceration or nodules in oral cavity	−	−	Small nodules in oral cavity With or without lymphadenopathy	Normal to ulcerated lesions May have lymphadenopathy	May be normal Or may show anemia and blood cell disorders with distant bone invasion	On histology it is confused with Adeocyctic carcinoma Components of gland and cyst formations More perineural invasion	CT and MRI MRI being more accurate for adjacent tissue involvement and lymphadenopathy	Biopsy and histopathological examination
Salivary duct cancer^[12]^[13]^[14]	Malignant (Highly aggressive)	Incidence: 1-3% Gender: Male predilection Mean age: 55-61 years old	Rapidly growing mass with jaw involvement	±	±	Painless Hard Non-compressible mass	Ulceration of mucosa and skin May have lymphadenopathy facial paralysis in case of facial nerve involvement	Pathomorphologically tumor of salivary ducts resembles tumor of breast ducts	Gross findings: Firm mass Cystic component of variable size and dimension Microscopic finding: Resembling ductal carcinoma of breast Intraductal components invading surrounding tissue in several forms: cribriform papillary Solid with comedo-like central necrosis	Non-specific features on CT and MRI Shows neural and jaw involvement	Biopsy and histopathological examination
Squamous cell carcinoma^[15]^[16]	Malignant	Incidence: rare Age: Old age , 61-68 years Male predilection	Present as painful growing mass on jaw	+	−	Teneder Firm Solitary swelling on jaw	Submandibular gland predilection Thinning and discoloration of skin	Past radiation exposure is a strong risk factor	Gross findings: Thinning of skin Microscopically findings: Nest and solid sheets of tumor cells arranged in glandular pattern Immunohistochemical staining can be used to mark the squamous and keratin component	Tumor dimension can be delineated using both CT and MRI	Biopsy and histopathological examination

Differentiating acinic cell carcinoma from other diseases on the basis of histology findings

On the basis of histologist findings acinic cell carcinoma must be differentiated from other salivary and head and neck masses such as salivary metastasis of thyroid carcinoma, salivary oncocytoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, Mammary analog secretory carcinoma.^[17]^[18]


Diseases	Histological findings
Diseases	Overlapping features	Distinguishing features
Salivary metastasis of thyroid carcinoma^[19]	Empty appearance, grooves, pseudoinclusions	Immunohistochemistry (Thyroglobulin)
salivary oncocytoma^[20]	Eosinophilic, non-serous cells	Hematoxylin
mucoepidermoid carcinoma^[21]	Microcystic, and follicula, inconspicuous mucous/squamoid cells, eosinophilic	Immunohistochemistry for p63
Mammary analoge secretory carcinoma^[22]	Histologically similar	Lack of PAS-positive secretory granules, Vimentin positive, Adipophilin positive

References

↑ Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK (June 2010). "Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 9 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5. PMC 3244097. PMID 22190789.
↑ Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M (August 2018). "Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features". Jpn J Radiol. 36 (8): 463–471. doi:10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y. PMID 29845358.
↑ Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP (December 2013). "Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 33 (6): 393–7. PMID 24376295.
↑ "Warthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".
↑ Chen B, Hentzelman JI, Walker RJ, Lai JP (2016). "Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2016: 8719030. doi:10.1155/2016/8719030. PMC 5045990. PMID 27722003.
↑ Kim KH, Sung MW, Kim JW, Koo JW (July 2000). "Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 123 (1 Pt 1): 147–8. doi:10.1067/mhn.2000.102809. PMID 10889498.
↑ Pramod Krishna B (June 2013). "Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a 14 year Old Child". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 12 (2): 228–31. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0125-5. PMC 3681990. PMID 24431845.
↑ Kessler AT, Bhatt AA (2018). "Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions". J Clin Imaging Sci. 8: 48. doi:10.4103/jcis.JCIS_46_18. PMC 6251244. PMID 30546932.
↑ Chenevert J, Barnes LE, Chiosea SI (February 2011). "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a five-decade journey". Virchows Arch. 458 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1007/s00428-011-1040-y. PMID 21243374.
↑ Jones AV, Craig GT, Speight PM, Franklin CD (April 2008). "The range and demographics of salivary gland tumours diagnosed in a UK population". Oral Oncol. 44 (4): 407–17. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.010. PMID 17825603.
↑ Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M (March 2006). "Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma". J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 64 (3): 415–23. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027. PMID 16487803.
↑ Mlika M, Kourda N, Zidi Y, Aloui R, Zneidi N, Rammeh S, Zermani R, Jilani SB (January 2012). "Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland". J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 16 (1): 134–6. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.92992. PMC 3303509. PMID 22434951.
↑ Schmitt NC, Kang H, Sharma A (November 2017). "Salivary duct carcinoma: An aggressive salivary gland malignancy with opportunities for targeted therapy". Oral Oncol. 74: 40–48. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.008. PMC 5685667. PMID 29103750.
↑ Simpson RH (July 2013). "Salivary duct carcinoma: new developments--morphological variants including pure in situ high grade lesions; proposed molecular classification". Head Neck Pathol. 7 Suppl 1: S48–58. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0456-x. PMC 3712088. PMID 23821208.
↑ Manvikar V, Ramulu S, Ravishanker ST, Chakravarthy C (May 2014). "Squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland: A rare case report". J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 18 (2): 299–302. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.140909. PMC 4196305. PMID 25328317.
↑ Ying YL, Johnson JT, Myers EN (July 2006). "Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland". Head Neck. 28 (7): 626–32. doi:10.1002/hed.20360. PMID 16475198.
↑ "Tumors of the Salivary Glands, Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Third Series, Fascicle 17 G. L. Ellis and P. L. Auclair. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C. ISBN: 1 881041 26 3 (Printed). 1996. Price: $69.00. ISBN: 1 881041 41 7 (CD-ROM). 1998. Price: $65.00". The Journal of Pathology. 192 (4): 564–565. 2000. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200012)192:4<564::AID-PATH737>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0022-3417.
↑ Kumar, Uma (2017). "Acinic Cell Carcinoma Papillary-Cystic Variant: Diagnostic Pitfalls in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/21347.9772. ISSN 2249-782X.
↑ Sams, Ralph N.; Gnepp, Douglas R. (2012). "P63 Expression Can Be Used in Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Acinic Cell and Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas". Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (1): 64–68. doi:10.1007/s12105-012-0403-2. ISSN 1936-055X.
↑ Schwartz, Lauren E.; Begum, Shahnaz; Westra, William H.; Bishop, Justin A. (2013). "GATA3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms". Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (4): 311–315. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0442-3. ISSN 1936-055X.
↑ Patel, Kalyani R.; Solomon, Isaac H.; El-Mofty, Samir K.; Lewis, James S.; Chernock, Rebecca D. (2013). "Mammaglobin and S-100 immunoreactivity in salivary gland carcinomas other than mammary analogue secretory carcinoma". Human Pathology. 44 (11): 2501–2508. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.06.010. ISSN 0046-8177.
↑ Castle JT, Thompson LD, Frommelt RA, Wenig BM, Kessler HP (1999). "Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 164 cases". Cancer. 86 (2): 207–19. PMID 10421256.

Template:WH Template:WS

[pmid22190789-1] Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK (June 2010). "Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 9 (2): 205–8. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5. PMC 3244097. PMID 22190789.

[pmid29845358-2] Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M (August 2018). "Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features". Jpn J Radiol. 36 (8): 463–471. doi:10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y. PMID 29845358.

[pmid24376295-3] Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP (December 2013). "Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience". Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital. 33 (6): 393–7. PMID 24376295.

[urlWarthin_tumor_|_Genetic_and_Rare_Diseases_Information_Center_(GARD)_–_an_NCATS_Program-4] "Warthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program".

[pmid277220032-5] Chen B, Hentzelman JI, Walker RJ, Lai JP (2016). "Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology". Case Rep Otolaryngol. 2016: 8719030. doi:10.1155/2016/8719030. PMC 5045990. PMID 27722003.

[pmid10889498-6] Kim KH, Sung MW, Kim JW, Koo JW (July 2000). "Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea". Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 123 (1 Pt 1): 147–8. doi:10.1067/mhn.2000.102809. PMID 10889498.

[pmid24431845-7] Pramod Krishna B (June 2013). "Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a 14 year Old Child". J Maxillofac Oral Surg. 12 (2): 228–31. doi:10.1007/s12663-010-0125-5. PMC 3681990. PMID 24431845.

[pmid30546932-8] Kessler AT, Bhatt AA (2018). "Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions". J Clin Imaging Sci. 8: 48. doi:10.4103/jcis.JCIS_46_18. PMC 6251244. PMID 30546932.

[pmid21243374-9] Chenevert J, Barnes LE, Chiosea SI (February 2011). "Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a five-decade journey". Virchows Arch. 458 (2): 133–40. doi:10.1007/s00428-011-1040-y. PMID 21243374.

[pmid17825603-10] Jones AV, Craig GT, Speight PM, Franklin CD (April 2008). "The range and demographics of salivary gland tumours diagnosed in a UK population". Oral Oncol. 44 (4): 407–17. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.010. PMID 17825603.

[pmid16487803-11] Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M (March 2006). "Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma". J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 64 (3): 415–23. doi:10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027. PMID 16487803.

[pmid22434951-12] Mlika M, Kourda N, Zidi Y, Aloui R, Zneidi N, Rammeh S, Zermani R, Jilani SB (January 2012). "Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland". J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 16 (1): 134–6. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.92992. PMC 3303509. PMID 22434951.

[pmid29103750-13] Schmitt NC, Kang H, Sharma A (November 2017). "Salivary duct carcinoma: An aggressive salivary gland malignancy with opportunities for targeted therapy". Oral Oncol. 74: 40–48. doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.008. PMC 5685667. PMID 29103750.

[pmid23821208-14] Simpson RH (July 2013). "Salivary duct carcinoma: new developments--morphological variants including pure in situ high grade lesions; proposed molecular classification". Head Neck Pathol. 7 Suppl 1: S48–58. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0456-x. PMC 3712088. PMID 23821208.

[pmid25328317-15] Manvikar V, Ramulu S, Ravishanker ST, Chakravarthy C (May 2014). "Squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland: A rare case report". J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 18 (2): 299–302. doi:10.4103/0973-029X.140909. PMC 4196305. PMID 25328317.

[pmid16475198-16] Ying YL, Johnson JT, Myers EN (July 2006). "Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland". Head Neck. 28 (7): 626–32. doi:10.1002/hed.20360. PMID 16475198.

[17] "Tumors of the Salivary Glands, Atlas of Tumor Pathology: Third Series, Fascicle 17 G. L. Ellis and P. L. Auclair. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C. ISBN: 1 881041 26 3 (Printed). 1996. Price: $69.00. ISBN: 1 881041 41 7 (CD-ROM). 1998. Price: $65.00". The Journal of Pathology. 192 (4): 564–565. 2000. doi:10.1002/1096-9896(200012)192:4<564::AID-PATH737>3.0.CO;2-M. ISSN 0022-3417.

[Kumar2017-18] Kumar, Uma (2017). "Acinic Cell Carcinoma Papillary-Cystic Variant: Diagnostic Pitfalls in Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology". JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH. doi:10.7860/JCDR/2017/21347.9772. ISSN 2249-782X.

[SamsGnepp2012-19] Sams, Ralph N.; Gnepp, Douglas R. (2012). "P63 Expression Can Be Used in Differential Diagnosis of Salivary Gland Acinic Cell and Mucoepidermoid Carcinomas". Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (1): 64–68. doi:10.1007/s12105-012-0403-2. ISSN 1936-055X.

[SchwartzBegum2013-20] Schwartz, Lauren E.; Begum, Shahnaz; Westra, William H.; Bishop, Justin A. (2013). "GATA3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Salivary Gland Neoplasms". Head and Neck Pathology. 7 (4): 311–315. doi:10.1007/s12105-013-0442-3. ISSN 1936-055X.

[PatelSolomon20132-21] Patel, Kalyani R.; Solomon, Isaac H.; El-Mofty, Samir K.; Lewis, James S.; Chernock, Rebecca D. (2013). "Mammaglobin and S-100 immunoreactivity in salivary gland carcinomas other than mammary analogue secretory carcinoma". Human Pathology. 44 (11): 2501–2508. doi:10.1016/j.humpath.2013.06.010. ISSN 0046-8177.

[pmid10421256-22] Castle JT, Thompson LD, Frommelt RA, Wenig BM, Kessler HP (1999). "Polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of 164 cases". Cancer. 86 (2): 207–19. PMID 10421256.

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[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

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@@ Line 8: / Line 8: @@
 [[Acinic cell carcinoma]] is a head and neck tumor happening in the [[salivary glands]]. If a patient was observed with related signs, the tumor must be classified as a [[benign]] or [[invasive]] by the [[capsule]] being intact. Differential diagnosis of a [[malignant]] tumor in the salivary gland is made after the incision and by [[histology]] features which will provide a good [[chemotherapy]] regimen for so-called patients.
 ==Differentiating acinic cell carcinoma from other Diseases==
+* Based on tumor site differentiation is as below:
 {|
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
+! rowspan="3" |Diseases
-! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
 ! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign/
 Malignant
@@ Line 16: / Line 18: @@
 ! colspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Paraclinical findings
 ! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |-
 ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
@@ Line 31: / Line 32: @@
 ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
 |-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
+! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]<ref name="pmid22190789">{{cite journal |vauthors=Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK |title=Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=205–8 |date=June 2010 |pmid=22190789 |pmc=3244097 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29845358">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features |journal=Jpn J Radiol |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=463–471 |date=August 2018 |pmid=29845358 |doi=10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y |url=}}</ref>
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Branchial cleft cyst]]<ref name="Nahata20162">{{cite journal|last1=Nahata|first1=Vaishali|title=Branchial cleft cyst|journal=Indian Journal of Dermatology|volume=61|issue=6|year=2016|pages=701|issn=0019-5154|doi=10.4103/0019-5154.193718}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: 1-15 years old
-*Familial occurrence
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Lateral neck mass
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Solitary
-*Smooth
-*Mobile
-*Well-defined
-*Non-pulsatile
-*Fluctuant
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*A pit at the opening of the [[cyst]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Squamous]] or [[ciliated]] [[epithelial]] lining
-*[[Lymphoid tissue]] with [[germinal centers]] and subcapsular sinuses
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CT]]: Well defined fluid [[attenuation]] with slight enhancement of the [[capsule]]
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Typical features of a [[cyst]] are seen
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Brachio-oto-renal syndrome
-*[[Sinus]] or [[fistula]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroglossal duct cyst]]<ref name="pmid30085599">{{cite journal |vauthors=Amos J, Shermetaro C |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30085599 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19718389">{{cite journal |vauthors=Deaver MJ, Silman EF, Lotfipour S |title=Infected thyroglossal duct cyst |journal=West J Emerg Med |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=205 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19718389 |pmc=2729228 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: 1-10 years old
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Midline neck mass
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Mobile
-*Moves upwards with [[tongue]] protrusion and [[swallowing]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Squamous epithelium|Squamous]] or ciliated [[pseudostratified columnar]] lining
-*Foci of [[thyroid gland]] tissue
-*[[Granulation tissue]] or [[giant cells]] if it gets infected
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Anechoic, thin walls, and [[heterogeneous]] with internal septa
-*[[CT]] with contrast: Well circumscribed, [[homogeneous]] fluid [[attenuation]], & thin enhancing rim
-*[[MRI]]: T1-dark, T2-bright images
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hemangioma]]<ref name="Léauté-LabrèzePrey2011">{{cite journal|last1=Léauté-Labrèze|first1=C.|last2=Prey|first2=S.|last3=Ezzedine|first3=K.|title=Infantile haemangioma: Part I. Pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical features, life cycle and associated structural abnormalities|journal=Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology|volume=25|issue=11|year=2011|pages=1245–1253|issn=09269959|doi=10.1111/j.1468-3083.2011.04102.x}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Birth−2 years old
-*[[Female]]>[[male]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with a flat red or purple [[patch]]
-*Regress gradually with age
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Firm
-*Rubbery
-*Well-demarcated
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Blanching]]
-*[[Telangiectasias]]
-*[[Erythematous]] [[patch]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*GLUT-1
-*[[VEGF]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Lined by non-atypical [[endothelial cells]]
-*Vascular structures with [[RBC]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: High flow with vascular channels
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[MRI]] with or without [[gadolinium]] (Gd)
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[POEMS syndrome|POEMS]]
-*[[Castleman's disease]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Vascular malformation]]<ref name="pmid25045330">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI |title=Vascular malformations: a review |journal=Semin Plast Surg |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=58–63 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25045330 |pmc=4078214 |doi=10.1055/s-0034-1376263 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28123976">{{cite journal |vauthors=Behravesh S, Yakes W, Gupta N, Naidu S, Chong BW, Khademhosseini A, Oklu R |title=Venous malformations: clinical diagnosis and treatment |journal=Cardiovasc Diagn Ther |volume=6 |issue=6 |pages=557–569 |date=December 2016 |pmid=28123976 |pmc=5220204 |doi=10.21037/cdt.2016.11.10 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Incidence]]: 1 in 2000 to 5000 births
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Venous]]: Present with a bluish [[swelling]]
-*[[Arteriovenous]]: Present with purple/red [[swelling]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Soft
-*Compressible
-*Non-tender
-*Venous: No thrill, ↑ in size on [[valsalva]]
-*[[AVM]]: [[Thrill]], warm, [[Pulsatile Flow|pulsatile]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Grow proportionally with age
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[D-dimer level]] in [[venous malfomations]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Lined by single [[endothelial]] layer
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Doppler ultrasound]]: Slow hypoechoic flow in [[Venous malformations]] - High flow in [[AVM]]
-*[[MRI]] with [[gadolinium]] (Gd): Diffuse enhancement
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*MRI
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lymphatic malformation]]<ref name="pmid250453302">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cox JA, Bartlett E, Lee EI |title=Vascular malformations: a review |journal=Semin Plast Surg |volume=28 |issue=2 |pages=58–63 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25045330 |pmc=4078214 |doi=10.1055/s-0034-1376263 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23997487">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guruprasad Y, Chauhan DS |title=Cervical cystic hygroma |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=11 |issue=3 |pages=333–6 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23997487 |pmc=3428451 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0149-x |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Birth-5 years old
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with a large [[swelling]] mainly in the [[neck]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Soft
-*Non-compressible
-*Non-pulsatile
-*Fluctuant
-* Positive [[transillumination]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Never regress, expand/contract based on [[inflammation]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Dilated [[lymphatic]] channels lined by [[endothelial cells]]
-*Positive D2-40 stain
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Hypo/anechoic with thick septa and fluid
-*[[CT-scans|CT]]: [[Homogeneous]] and [[cystic]] mass
-*[[MRI]]: Hyperintense on T2 & peripheral wall enhancement on T1
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Down syndrome]]
-*[[Turner syndrome]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Laryngocele]]<ref name="pmid23881550">{{cite journal |vauthors=Werner RL, Schroeder JW, Castle JT |title=Bilateral laryngoceles |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=8 |issue=1 |pages=110–3 |date=March 2014 |pmid=23881550 |pmc=3950389 |doi=10.1007/s12105-013-0478-4 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23120570">{{cite journal |vauthors=Prasad KC, Vijayalakshmi S, Prasad SC |title=Laryngoceles - presentations and management |journal=Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=60 |issue=4 |pages=303–8 |date=December 2008 |pmid=23120570 |pmc=3476818 |doi=10.1007/s12070-008-0108-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28819622">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahdoufi R, Barhmi I, Tazi N, Abada R, Roubal M, Mahtar M |title=Mixed Pyolaryngocele: A Rare Case of Deep Neck Infection |journal=Iran J Otorhinolaryngol |volume=29 |issue=93 |pages=225–228 |date=July 2017 |pmid=28819622 |pmc=5554815 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*More common in adults
-*[[Male]]/[[female]] = 5:1
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with a neck [[swelling]], [[hoarseness]], [[stridor]] and [[globus sensation]]
-*Episodic in nature
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Soft
-*Reducible
-*Increase in size on [[valsalva]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Common in glass blowers and trumpet players
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Lined by [[pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[X-ray]] & [[CT]]: [[Fluid]] and [[air]] containing [[cystic]] masses
-*Direct [[laryngoscopy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CT scan]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Ranula]]<ref name="pmid29207849">{{cite journal |vauthors=Packiri S, Gurunathan D, Selvarasu K |title=Management of Paediatric Oral Ranula: A Systematic Review |journal=J Clin Diagn Res |volume=11 |issue=9 |pages=ZE06–ZE09 |date=September 2017 |pmid=29207849 |pmc=5713871 |doi=10.7860/JCDR/2017/28498.10622 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28194490">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kokong D, Iduh A, Chukwu I, Mugu J, Nuhu S, Augustine S |title=Ranula: Current Concept of Pathophysiologic Basis and Surgical Management Options |journal=World J Surg |volume=41 |issue=6 |pages=1476–1481 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28194490 |pmc=5422487 |doi=10.1007/s00268-017-3901-2 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: 1st and 2nd decade
-*[[Female]]/[[male]] = 1:1.4
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with a blue colored [[swelling]] in the floor of the [[Mouth (human)|mouth]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Well circumscribed
-*Fluctuant
-*Soft
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*H&E: [[Mucin]] surrounded by [[inflammatory cells]] & [[fibrosis]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[CT-scans|CT]]: [[Cystic mass]] with tail sign
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Congenital
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Teratoma]]<ref name="pmid22942597">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chauhan DS, Guruprasad Y, Inderchand S |title=Congenital nasopharyngeal teratoma with a cleft palate: case report and a 7 year follow up |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=10 |issue=3 |pages=253–6 |date=September 2011 |pmid=22942597 |pmc=3238564 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0140-6 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22814615">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bahgat M, Bahgat Y, Bahgat A |title=Oropharyngeal teratoma, a rare cause of airway obstruction in neonates |journal=BMJ Case Rep |volume=2012 |issue= |pages= |date=July 2012 |pmid=22814615 |pmc=4543570 |doi=10.1136/bcr-2012-006580 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]] or [[malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Incidence]]: 1:4000 births
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents as a firm [[lateral]] neck mass
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Firm
-*Non-tender
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*High [[ALP]] levels
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Shows [[ectodermal]], [[mesodermal]], and [[endodermal]] tissues
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CT-scans|CT]] & [[MRI]]: Shows [[calcification]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Dermoid cyst]]<ref name="ParadisKoltai2015">{{cite journal|last1=Paradis|first1=Josée|last2=Koltai|first2=Peter J.|title=Pediatric Teratoma and Dermoid Cysts|journal=Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America|volume=48|issue=1|year=2015|pages=121–136|issn=00306665|doi=10.1016/j.otc.2014.09.009}}</ref><ref name="pmid24629659">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gaddikeri S, Vattoth S, Gaddikeri RS, Stuart R, Harrison K, Young D, Bhargava P |title=Congenital cystic neck masses: embryology and imaging appearances, with clinicopathological correlation |journal=Curr Probl Diagn Radiol |volume=43 |issue=2 |pages=55–67 |date=2014 |pmid=24629659 |doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Incidence]]: 3 in 10000 population
-*[[Age]]: Birth-5 years old
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents as a slow growing [[mass]] or a [[sinus]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Freely mobile
-*Solitary
-*Rubbery
-*Nonpulsatile
-*Noncompressible
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Usually normal
-*Sometimes a pit or [[sinus]]
-*A tuft of [[hair]] at the center of the pit for [[nasal]] [[dermoid cyst]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Keratinizing [[squamous epithelium]]
-*Occasional remnants of [[hair follicles]], [[adipose tissue]], and [[sweat glands]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Thin walled, unilocular
-*[[CT-scans|CT]] with contrast: Well circumscribed, unilocular, sac-of-marbles appearance due to [[fatty tissue]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thymic cyst]]<ref name="GaddikeriVattoth2014">{{cite journal|last1=Gaddikeri|first1=Santhosh|last2=Vattoth|first2=Surjith|last3=Gaddikeri|first3=Ramya S.|last4=Stuart|first4=Royal|last5=Harrison|first5=Keith|last6=Young|first6=Daniel|last7=Bhargava|first7=Puneet|title=Congenital Cystic Neck Masses: Embryology and Imaging Appearances, With Clinicopathological Correlation|journal=Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology|volume=43|issue=2|year=2014|pages=55–67|issn=03630188|doi=10.1067/j.cpradiol.2013.12.001}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: 1-10 years old
-*[[Males]]>[[Females]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents as a soft [[mass]], gradually enlarging, on left side of the [[neck]] (usual)
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Soft
-*Compressible
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Squamous epithelium]] or [[cuboidal epithelium]]
-*[[Lymphoid tissue]] in the [[cyst]] wall contains [[hassall's corpuscles]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Unilocular [[cystic]] [[mass]]
-*[[CT-scans|CT]]: Uni/multilocular, well circumscribed and nonenhancing
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-| rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Acute sialadenitis]]<ref name="pmid28059621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S |title=Imaging of sialadenitis |journal=Neuroradiol J |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28059621 |pmc=5480791 |doi=10.1177/1971400916682752 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Occurs in all age groups
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with an unilateral [[erythematous]] [[swelling]]
-*[[Bad breath]]
-*[[Fever]] with [[chills]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | -
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Tenderness|Tender]]
-*Firm
-*[[Purulent]] [[discharge]] expressed from the [[duct]]
-*Smooth
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Redness
-*More common in people with bad [[oral hygiene]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Inflammatory]] infiltrate with [[Abscess|microabscess]] formation
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]: Hypoechoic with ductal dilatation
-*[[CT-scans|CT]]: Diffuse [[homogeneous]] enlargement
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CT scan]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Chronic sialadenitis]]<ref name="pmid24046793">{{cite journal |vauthors=Orlandi MA, Pistorio V, Guerra PA |title=Ultrasound in sialadenitis |journal=J Ultrasound |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=3–9 |date=2013 |pmid=24046793 |pmc=3774898 |doi=10.1007/s40477-013-0002-4 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Occurs in all age groups
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with an unilateral [[swelling]]
-*Recurrent episodes common
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-tender
-*Firm
-*Smooth
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Mostly due to [[obstruction]] by a stone or [[stricture]]
-| align="v" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*[[Leukocytosis]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Hyperplastic]] [[lymphoid]] infiltrates with loss of [[salivary gland]] acini
-*[[Fibrosis]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[X-ray]]: Shows [[radiopaque]] stones
-*[[CT-scans|CT]]: Reduced parenchymal volume
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CT scan]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Reactive viral [[lymphadenopathy]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[CMV]]<ref name="pmid247536382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: 10-35 years old
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Flu]]-like illness
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-tender
-*Soft
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Generalized or cervical [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*Elevated [[SGOT]]/[[SGPT]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[H&E stain]]: Typical owl-eye inclusions ([[nuclear]])
-*[[Basophilic]] [[cytoplasmic]] inclusions
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Usually not necessary
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Needle aspiration biopsy|Fine needle aspiration]] cytology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[EBV]]<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25478033">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stuhlmann-Laeisz C, Oschlies I, Klapper W |title=Detection of EBV in reactive and neoplastic lymphoproliferations in adults-when and how? |journal=J Hematop |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=165–170 |date=December 2014 |pmid=25478033 |pmc=4243011 |doi=10.1007/s12308-014-0209-0 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Mainly adolescents
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Sore throat]]
-*[[Fever]]
-*[[Malaise]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-tender
-*Firm
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Bilateral [[posterior]] [[cervical]], [[Axillary|axillary]], [[inguinal]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
-*[[Ulcer]] or [[rash]]
-*[[Redness]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Atypical [[lymphocytosis]]
-*Positive [[monospot test]]
-*[[IgM]] & [[IgG]] [[antibodies]] against [[Epstein Barr virus|EBV]]
-*↑↑[[SGOT]]/[[SGPT]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[CD8+]] [[lymphocytes]]
-*[[Necrosis]]
-*[[B lymphocytes|B lymphocyte]] blasts
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Usually not necessary
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Needle aspiration biopsy|Fine needle aspiration]] cytology
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[HIV]]<ref name="pmid20459560">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moonim MT, Alarcon L, Freeman J, Mahadeva U, van der Walt JD, Lucas SB |title=Identifying HIV infection in diagnostic histopathology tissue samples--the role of HIV-1 p24 immunohistochemistry in identifying clinically unsuspected HIV infection: a 3-year analysis |journal=Histopathology |volume=56 |issue=4 |pages=530–41 |date=March 2010 |pmid=20459560 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-2559.2010.03513.x |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Prevalence]]: 1.1 million in U.S
-*Gender: [[Males]]>[[females]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Flu]]-like illness
-*[[Rash]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-tender mass
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Generalized [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Leukopenia]]
-*[[Thrombocytopenia]]
-*[[Anemia]]
-*Elevated [[AST]]/[[ALT]]
-*Elevated [[CRP]]
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Lymphoid [[hyperplasia]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Usually not necessary
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Western blot]] & P24 antigen assay
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Viral [[Upper respiratory tract infection|URI]]<ref name="pmid30422556">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thomas M, Bomar PA |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30422556 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Incidence]]: More in fall & winter
-*[[Age]]: Common in elderly and infants
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Sore throat]]
-*[[Cough]]
-*[[Runny nose]]
-*[[Sneezing]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-tender
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Mild cervical [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Lymphocytosis]]
-*Elevated [[ESR]] & [[C-reactive protein (CRP)|C-reactive protein]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Inflammation|Inflammatory]] infiltrate
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*No specific findings
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-| rowspan="6" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
-! rowspan="6" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Bacterial lymphadenopathy
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Tularemia]]<ref name="pmid10618283">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grunow R, Splettstoesser W, McDonald S, Otterbein C, O'Brien T, Morgan C, Aldrich J, Hofer E, Finke EJ, Meyer H |title=Detection of Francisella tularensis in biological specimens using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, an immunochromatographic handheld assay, and a PCR |journal=Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=86–90 |date=January 2000 |pmid=10618283 |pmc=95828 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="Koç2012">{{cite journal|last1=Koç|first1=Sema|title=Clinical and laboratory findings of tularemia: a retrospective analysis|journal=The Turkish Journal of Ear Nose and Throat|year=2012|pages=26–31|issn=13007475|doi=10.5606/kbbihtisas.2012.005}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 *[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Age]]: Affects all age groups
-*Gender: No predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Fever]]
-*[[Chills]]
-*[[Swelling]]
-*[[Joint pains]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Tenderness|Tender]]
-*Edematous
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Regional [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*Elevated [[C-reactive protein (CRP)|C-reactive protein]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Caseating]] [[granuloma]] +/- [[multinucleated giant cells]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*No specific findings
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[PCR]] & [[serology]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Brucellosis]]<ref name="pmid28766326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Golshani M, Buozari S |title=A review of Brucellosis in Iran: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Control, and Prevention |journal=Iran. Biomed. J. |volume=21 |issue=6 |pages=349–59 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28766326 |pmc=5572431 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Incidence]]: 100-200 cases anually in USA
-*Gender: [[Males]]>[[females]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Flu]]-like illness
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Tenderness|Tender]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Cervical [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Non-[[caseating]] [[granuloma]] + [[giant cells]], epitheloid cells
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*No specific findings
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Serology]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Cat-scratch disease]]<ref name="urlCat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC">{{cite web |url=https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/22/10/16-0115_article |title=Cat-Scratch Disease in the United States, 2005–2013 - Volume 22, Number 10—October 2016 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="HansmannDeMartino2005">{{cite journal|last1=Hansmann|first1=Y.|last2=DeMartino|first2=S.|last3=Piemont|first3=Y.|last4=Meyer|first4=N.|last5=Mariet|first5=P.|last6=Heller|first6=R.|last7=Christmann|first7=D.|last8=Jaulhac|first8=B.|title=Diagnosis of Cat Scratch Disease with Detection of Bartonella henselae by PCR: a Study of Patients with Lymph Node Enlargement|journal=Journal of Clinical Microbiology|volume=43|issue=8|year=2005|pages=3800–3806|issn=0095-1137|doi=10.1128/JCM.43.8.3800-3806.2005}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in the Southern of U.S among [[children]] and young adults
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Cat exposure
-* [[Fever]]
-* [[Fatigue]]
-* [[Headache]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Tender [[cervical]] [[Lymph node|nodes]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Vesicular]]
-* [[Erythema]]
-* [[Papule]] at site of inoculation
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Elevated [[ESR]]
-* [[Serology]]: Positive [[antibody]] to [[Bartonella]] Henselae
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Satellite [[micro]]-[[abscess]] with [[granuloma]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Bacillary angiomatosis]]
-* Bacillary peliosis
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Actinomycosis]]<ref name="pmid25045274">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valour F, Sénéchal A, Dupieux C, Karsenty J, Lustig S, Breton P, Gleizal A, Boussel L, Laurent F, Braun E, Chidiac C, Ader F, Ferry T |title=Actinomycosis: etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and management |journal=Infect Drug Resist |volume=7 |issue= |pages=183–97 |date=2014 |pmid=25045274 |pmc=4094581 |doi=10.2147/IDR.S39601 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27311002">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bonnefond S, Catroux M, Melenotte C, Karkowski L, Rolland L, Trouillier S, Raffray L |title=Clinical features of actinomycosis: A retrospective, multicenter study of 28 cases of miscellaneous presentations |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=95 |issue=24 |pages=e3923 |date=June 2016 |pmid=27311002 |pmc=4998488 |doi=10.1097/MD.0000000000003923 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* No predilection in [[race]], [[age]]
-* [[Male] to [[female]] ratio : 1.5 to 3:1
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* History of [[dental]] [[procedure]] or [[trauma]]
-* Poor [[oral]] [[hygiene]]
-* [[Swelling]] [[mandible]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Tenderness (medicine)|Tender]] at the beginning
-* Painless
-* Fluctuant
-* Non-tender at late stage
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Red or blue [[Rash|skin rash]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*Elevated [[CRP]]
-* [[Gram positive bacteria|Gram positive filamentous rods]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Sulfur|Sulfur granules]]
-* [[Filamentous]] [[organism]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Histological]] [[examination]]
-* [[Bacterial]] [[culture]] of the [[abscess]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Mandible]] [[osteomyelitis]]
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mycobacterial infection|Mycobacterial infections]]<ref name="pmid24753638">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9241478">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suskind DL, Handler SD, Tom LW, Potsic WP, Wetmore RF |title=Nontuberculous mycobacterial cervical adenitis |journal=Clin Pediatr (Phila) |volume=36 |issue=7 |pages=403–9 |date=July 1997 |pmid=9241478 |doi=10.1177/000992289703600705 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12614730">{{cite journal |vauthors=Drobniewski FA, Caws M, Gibson A, Young D |title=Modern laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=141–7 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12614730 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in adults and [[children]] in [[endemic]] continent such as Africa
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Recent travel to [[endemic]] regions
-* Exposure to [[Tuberculosis|TB]] [[patients]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Matted [[cervical]]  [[Lymph node|nodes]]
-* Firm
-* Non-tender
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Positive [[PPD-tuberculin skin test|PPD]]
-* Presence of [[Acid fast|acid fast bacilli]] on [[Sputum]] [[Smear test|smear]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Chronic [[necrotizing]] [[caseating]] [[Calcification|calcified]] [[granuloma]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Ultrasound|Neck Ultrasound]]: Multiple [[lymph nodes]]
-* Fusion tendency
-* Internal echoes
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Mycobacteria|Culture for mycobacteria]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Streptococcal infection]]<ref name="pmid247536382">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mohseni S, Shojaiefard A, Khorgami Z, Alinejad S, Ghorbani A, Ghafouri A |title=Peripheral lymphadenopathy: approach and diagnostic tools |journal=Iran J Med Sci |volume=39 |issue=2 Suppl |pages=158–70 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24753638 |pmc=3993046 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19450346">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kenealy T |title=Sore throat |journal=BMJ Clin Evid |volume=2007 |issue= |pages= |date=November 2007 |pmid=19450346 |pmc=2943825 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in [[children]] and [[Adolescent|adolescents]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Fever]]
-* Absence of [[cough]]
-* Difficulty [[swallowing]]
-* [[Swelling|Swollen]] [[pharynx]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Tender [[anterior]] cervical [[nodes]]
-* [[Tonsillar Disease|Tonsillar]] exudates
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Rapid [[antigen]] detection [[Test|tests]]: ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Follicular [[hyperplasia]]
-* [[Infiltration (medical)|Infiltration]] of [[Polymorphonuclear cells|polymorphonuclear cells]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Throat culture]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Acute rheumatic fever]]
-* [[Glomerulonephritis|Post-streptoccocal glomerulonephritis]]
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-| rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parasitic|Parasitic lymphadenopathy]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Toxoplasma gondii]]<ref name="pmid20512900">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kumar GG, Mahadevan A, Guruprasad AS, Kovoor JM, Satishchandra P, Nath A, Ranga U, Shankar SK |title=Eccentric target sign in cerebral toxoplasmosis: neuropathological correlate to the imaging feature |journal=J Magn Reson Imaging |volume=31 |issue=6 |pages=1469–72 |date=June 2010 |pmid=20512900 |pmc=2908244 |doi=10.1002/jmri.22192 |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlCDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis">{{cite web |url=+https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/diagnosis.html |title=CDC - Toxoplasmosis - Diagnosis |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* 6 years old and older adults are more affected in U.S.
-* Seen in hot climates
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Cat-scratch|Cats]] or birds [[feces]] exposure
-* Drinking [[unpasteurized milk]]
-* Undercooked food
-* [[Organ transplant]] recipients
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Bilateral
-* Non-tender
-* Symmetrical
-* Non-fluctuant
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Serology]]: Positive [[IgG]] and [[IgM]] [[antibodies]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Follicular [[hyperplasia]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[MRI]]: Multiple rings enhanced [[lesions]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Serology]]
-* [[Immunofluorescence]]
-* [[MRI]]
-* [[CT scan]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sarcoidosis]]<ref name="urlSarcoidosis | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/sarcoidosis |title=Sarcoidosis &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28059621">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abdel Razek AAK, Mukherji S |title=Imaging of sialadenitis |journal=Neuroradiol J |volume=30 |issue=3 |pages=205–215 |date=June 2017 |pmid=28059621 |pmc=5480791 |doi=10.1177/1971400916682752 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in African American women aged 20-40 years
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Family]] history of [[sarcoidosis]]
-* [[Fatigue]]
-* [[Swelling]] and [[pain]] in the [[joints]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Swelling|Swollen]]
-* Non-tender [[parotid glands]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Erythema nodosum]]
-* [[Lupus]] pernios
-* Bilateral [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*Elevated [[Angiotensin-converting enzyme|ACE]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Necrotizing|Non-necrotizing]] [[epithelioid]] [[granuloma]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[CXR]]: B/L [[hilar]] [[adenopathy]]
-* [[MRI]]: B/L multiples enlarged [[cervical lymph nodes]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Heerfordt's syndrome: [[uveitis]], [[facial nerve paralysis]], [[parotitis]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Sjögren's syndrome|Sjögren syndrome]]<ref name="pmid24566651">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mavragani CP, Moutsopoulos HM |title=Sjögren syndrome |journal=CMAJ |volume=186 |issue=15 |pages=E579–86 |date=October 2014 |pmid=24566651 |pmc=4203623 |doi=10.1503/cmaj.122037 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Female]] to [[male]] ratio: 9 to 1
-* May happen at any [[age]]
-* Mean age: 40-50
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* History of [[RA]], [[SLE]], and [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma]]
-* Dry [[mouth]], dry [[eyes]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Firm mass
-* B/L enlarged [[parotid glands]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Pruritis]]
-* [[Rashes]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-* Anti-SSA/Ro: +
-* Anti-SSB/La: +
-* [[Cytopenia]]
-* Wetting <5 mm on [[Schirmer's test]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hyperactivity]] of [[B-cells]] and [[lymphocytes]] which lead to [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]] of the [[exocrine glands]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Ultrasound|US]]: Hypoechoic and inhomogeneous [[salivary glands]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Castleman's disease|Castleman disease]] ([[Angiofollicular lymph node hyperplasia|angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease]])<ref name="pmid22791417">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dispenzieri A, Armitage JO, Loe MJ, Geyer SM, Allred J, Camoriano JK, Menke DM, Weisenburger DD, Ristow K, Dogan A, Habermann TM |title=The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease |journal=Am. J. Hematol. |volume=87 |issue=11 |pages=997–1002 |date=November 2012 |pmid=22791417 |pmc=3900496 |doi=10.1002/ajh.23291 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23071471">{{cite journal |vauthors=Saeed-Abdul-Rahman I, Al-Amri AM |title=Castleman disease |journal=Korean J Hematol |volume=47 |issue=3 |pages=163–77 |date=September 2012 |pmid=23071471 |pmc=3464333 |doi=10.5045/kjh.2012.47.3.163 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Mean [[age]]: 30-40 years
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Asymptomatic]] at early onset
-* B-symptoms
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Non tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Papule]]
-* Cherry [[hemangioma]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Elevated [[ESR]]
-*Elevated [[CRP]]
-* [[Anemia]]
-* [[Polyclonal]] [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hyaline]] [[vascular]] variant
-* [[Plasma]] [[cell]] variant
-* Mixed variant
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[CT scan]]:
-** [[Matted]] [[lymphadenopathy]]
-** [[Solitary]], [[noninvasive]] [[mass]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus|HHV-8]]
-* [[Kaposi's sarcoma|Kaposi sarcoma]]
-* [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma|Non-hodgkin lymphoma]]
-* [[POEMS syndrome]]
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-| rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Inflammatory
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kikuchi disease]] ([[histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis]])<ref name="pmid16722618">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bosch X, Guilabert A |title=Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease |journal=Orphanet J Rare Dis |volume=1 |issue= |pages=18 |date=May 2006 |pmid=16722618 |pmc=1481509 |doi=10.1186/1750-1172-1-18 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* High [[prevalence]] in Japan
-* More common in young adults < 30 years old
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Fever]]
-* [[Flu]]-like prodrome
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Tender [[Cervical|cervical nodes]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Rash|Skin rash]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Elevated [[ESR]]
-* [[Liver enzymes|Abnormal liver enzymes]]
-* [[Leukopenia]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Irregular paracortical areas of [[coagulative]] [[necrosis]] with abundant karyorrhectic debris
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kimura disease]]<ref name="pmid26905356">{{cite journal |vauthors=AlGhamdi FE, Al-Khatib TA, Marzouki HZ, AlGarni MA |title=Kimura disease: No age or ethnicity limit |journal=Saudi Med J |volume=37 |issue=3 |pages=315–9 |date=March 2016 |pmid=26905356 |pmc=4800898 |doi=10.15537/smj.2016.3.14448 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in Asian males
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* History of painless [[cervical]] lump
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Large
-* Non-tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Itching]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Elevated [[Eosinophils]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Conserved [[Lymph nodes|lymph node]] structure
-* [[Eosinophilic]] [[Infiltration (medical)|infiltration]]
-* High [[Capillary|postcapillary]] [[venules]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Nephrotic syndrome]]
-* [[Hypercoagulable state]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Rosai-Dorfman disease]]<ref name="urlRosai-Dorfman disease | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/7588/rosai-dorfman-disease |title=Rosai-Dorfman disease &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2180012">{{cite journal |vauthors=Foucar E, Rosai J, Dorfman R |title=Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai-Dorfman disease): review of the entity |journal=Semin Diagn Pathol |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=19–73 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2180012 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in [[children]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Fever]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Non-tender enlarged [[cervical lymph nodes]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Erythema]]
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Elevated [[ESR]]
-* [[Polyclonal]] [[hypergammaglobulinemia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Kawasaki disease]]<ref name="urlAbout Kawasaki Disease | Kawasaki Disease | CDC">{{cite web |url=https://www.cdc.gov/kawasaki/about.html |title=About Kawasaki Disease &#124; Kawasaki Disease &#124; CDC |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="urlKawasaki Disease | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)">{{cite web |url=https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/kawasaki-disease |title=Kawasaki Disease &#124; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in children < 5 years old
-* Highest [[incidence]] in Japan
-* Most leading cause of acquired [[heart disease]] in U.S
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* High [[fever]]
-* B/L [[conjunctivitis]]
-* [[Rash]]
-* [[Swelling]] of hands and feet
-* Inflammation of [[lips]]
-* [[Strawberry tongue]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Large, single palpable [[Cervical|cervical node]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Elevated [[ESR]]
-* Elevated [[CRP]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Inflammation]] of medium sized [[arteries]] and [[organs]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Echocardiography]]: [[Coronary artery]] dilation
-* [[Coronary artery aneurysm]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Clinical|Clinical findings]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign or Malignant
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
-! rowspan="5" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland neoplasm]]
-! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Pleomorphic adenoma]]<ref name="pmid22190789">{{cite journal |vauthors=Debnath SC, Adhyapok AK |title=Pleomorphic adenoma (benign mixed tumour) of the minor salivary glands of the upper lip |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=9 |issue=2 |pages=205–8 |date=June 2010 |pmid=22190789 |pmc=3244097 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0052-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29845358">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kato H, Kawaguchi M, Ando T, Mizuta K, Aoki M, Matsuo M |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands: common and uncommon CT and MR imaging features |journal=Jpn J Radiol |volume=36 |issue=8 |pages=463–471 |date=August 2018 |pmid=29845358 |doi=10.1007/s11604-018-0747-y |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * More common in females
-* [[Incidence]] increase with [[age]]
+*[[Incidence]] increase with [[age]]
-* [[Incidence]]: 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 [[population]]
+*[[Incidence]]: 2-3.5 cases per 100,000 [[population]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * History of [[swelling]]
-* [[Dysphagia]]
+*[[Dysphagia]]
-* [[Hoarseness]]
+*[[Hoarseness]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Palpable [[mass]] of deep [[lobe]] of [[parotid gland]]
@@ Line 1,045: / Line 54: @@
 * Proliferation of [[epithelial cells]] and [[stromal]] [[matrix]] in the [[ducts]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[MRI]]: Homogenous on T1
+*[[MRI]]: Homogenous on T1
 * Abundant myxochondroid [[stroma]] on T2
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
+*[[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Warthin's tumor]]<ref name="pmid24376295">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chulam TC, Noronha Francisco AL, Goncalves Filho J, Pinto Alves CA, Kowalski LP |title=Warthin's tumour of the parotid gland: our experience |journal=Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital |volume=33 |issue=6 |pages=393–7 |date=December 2013 |pmid=24376295 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="urlWarthin tumor | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program">{{cite web |url=https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/8569/warthin-tumor |title=Warthin tumor &#124; Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) – an NCATS Program |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
+*[[Benign]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Male]] to female ratio: 4:1
+*[[Male]] to female ratio: 4:1
 * More common in people aged 60-70 years old
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * History of [[Swelling|swollen]] [[salivary gland]]
-* [[Jaw]] pain
+*[[Jaw]] pain
-* [[Tinnitus]]
+*[[Tinnitus]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  +
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Non tender
 * Mobile
 * Firm
-* [[Solitary]]
+*[[Solitary]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Papillae]]
+*[[Papillae]]
-* [[Fibrous]] [[capsule]]
+*[[Fibrous]] [[capsule]]
-* [[Cystic]] spaces
+*[[Cystic]] spaces
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 *[[CT|Neck CT]]: [[Cystic]] lesion posteriorly within the [[parotid gland]]
 *[[MRI]]: B/L heterogeneous lesions
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
+*[[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Oncocytoma]]
 <ref name="pmid277220032">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chen B, Hentzelman JI, Walker RJ, Lai JP |title=Oncocytoma of the Submandibular Gland: Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Clinicopathology |journal=Case Rep Otolaryngol |volume=2016 |issue= |pages=8719030 |date=2016 |pmid=27722003 |pmc=5045990 |doi=10.1155/2016/8719030 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
+*[[Benign]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 *Race: [[Caucasian pop|Caucasian]] patients predilection
@@ Line 1,096: / Line 103: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Firm]], multilobulated
+*[[Firm]], multilobulated
 * Mobile [[mass]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 1,107: / Line 114: @@
 *[[Anemia]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Epithelial cells]] with [[eosinophilic]]
+*[[Epithelial cells]] with [[eosinophilic]]
 * Granular [[cytoplasm]]
 * Rich in [[mitochondria]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 1,120: / Line 127: @@
 **Enhancement on contrast
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
+*[[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Monomorphic adenoma]] <ref name="pmid10889498">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kim KH, Sung MW, Kim JW, Koo JW |title=Pleomorphic adenoma of the trachea |journal=Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg |volume=123 |issue=1 Pt 1 |pages=147–8 |date=July 2000 |pmid=10889498 |doi=10.1067/mhn.2000.102809 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24431845">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pramod Krishna B |title=Pleomorphic Adenoma of Minor Salivary Gland in a 14 year Old Child |journal=J Maxillofac Oral Surg |volume=12 |issue=2 |pages=228–31 |date=June 2013 |pmid=24431845 |pmc=3681990 |doi=10.1007/s12663-010-0125-5 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid30546932">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kessler AT, Bhatt AA |title=Review of the Major and Minor Salivary Glands, Part 2: Neoplasms and Tumor-like Lesions |journal=J Clin Imaging Sci |volume=8 |issue= |pages=48 |date=2018 |pmid=30546932 |pmc=6251244 |doi=10.4103/jcis.JCIS_46_18 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]] or [[malignant]]
+*[[Benign]] or [[malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 *Age: 26-76 years
@@ Line 1,138: / Line 144: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Nodular]]
+*[[Nodular]]
 * Fluctuant [[swelling]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 1,150: / Line 156: @@
 *Straw colored fluid on [[aspiration]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Ultrasound]]:
+*[[Ultrasound]]:
 **Used to [[biopsy]] the [[lesion]]
 **May show cystic an solid components
-* [[Computed tomography|CT:]]
+*[[Computed tomography|CT:]]
 **useful for [[lesions]] with [[calcification]] and venous phleboliths
-* [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI:]]
+*[[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI:]]
 **Test of choice
 **Differentiate [[benign]] from [[malignant]]
@@ Line 1,161: / Line 167: @@
 **Shows perineural spread
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
+*[[Biopsy|Incisional biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |-
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Mucoepidermoid carcinoma]]
 <ref name="pmid21243374">{{cite journal |vauthors=Chenevert J, Barnes LE, Chiosea SI |title=Mucoepidermoid carcinoma: a five-decade journey |journal=Virchows Arch. |volume=458 |issue=2 |pages=133–40 |date=February 2011 |pmid=21243374 |doi=10.1007/s00428-011-1040-y |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
+*[[Malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 *Age: Mean age of 59
@@ Line 1,178: / Line 183: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Cystic]] and [[Mass|solid mass]]
+*[[Cystic]] and [[Mass|solid mass]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * May have [[lymphadenopathy]]
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Gross examination|Gross findings]]:
+*[[Gross examination|Gross findings]]:
 **Firm
 **Tan-white to yellow
 **Bosselated
 **Cystic
-* [[Microscopic]] findings:
+*[[Microscopic]] findings:
 **Encapsulated
-**[[squamous]] and [[Glandular|glandular]] components
+**[[squamous]] and [[glandular]] components
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Cystic and solid component with variable appearance on [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[MRI]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Incisional [[biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Association with [[CMV]]
 |-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
-! rowspan="4" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland neoplasm]]
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Adenoid cystic cancer|Adenoid cystic carcinoma]] <ref name="pmid17825603">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jones AV, Craig GT, Speight PM, Franklin CD |title=The range and demographics of salivary gland tumours diagnosed in a UK population |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=44 |issue=4 |pages=407–17 |date=April 2008 |pmid=17825603 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.05.010 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
+*[[Malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Age: 40s-60s
@@ Line 1,232: / Line 218: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Gross]] findings:
+*[[Gross]] findings:
 ** Tubular
 ** Cribriform
 ** Solid pattern of growth
-* [[Microscopic]] findings:
+*[[Microscopic]] findings:
 ** Components of large cells with [[Pleomorphic|pleomorphic nuclei]]
 ** Increased [[mitotic]] activity
-** Focal [[Necrosis|necrosis]]
+** Focal [[necrosis]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Imaging]] reveal dimensions of the [[tumor]], local spread, and [[Metastasis|distant metastasis]]
+*[[Imaging]] reveal dimensions of the [[tumor]], local spread, and [[Metastasis|distant metastasis]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
+*[[Biopsy]] and [[Histopathological|histopathological examination]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Adenocarcinoma]]
 <ref name="pmid16487803">{{cite journal |vauthors=Beltran D, Faquin WC, Gallagher G, August M |title=Selective immunohistochemical comparison of polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma |journal=J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. |volume=64 |issue=3 |pages=415–23 |date=March 2006 |pmid=16487803 |doi=10.1016/j.joms.2005.11.027 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
+*[[Malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Age: young age predilection
@@ Line 1,258: / Line 243: @@
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Small [[nodules]] in [[oral cavity]]
 * With or without [[lymphadenopathy]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 1,264: / Line 249: @@
 * May have [[lymphadenopathy]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * May be normal
 * Or may show [[anemia]] and [[blood cell]] disorders with distant bone [[invasion]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * On [[histology]] it is confused with Adeocyctic [[carcinoma]]
 * Components of [[gland]] and [[cyst]] formations
 * More perineural [[invasion]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[CT]] and [[MRI]]
+*[[CT]] and [[MRI]]
-* [[MRI]] being more accurate for adjacent [[tissue]] involvement and [[lymphadenopathy]]
+*[[MRI]] being more accurate for adjacent [[tissue]] involvement and [[lymphadenopathy]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
+*[[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Salivary gland cancer|Salivary duct cancer]]<ref name="pmid22434951">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mlika M, Kourda N, Zidi Y, Aloui R, Zneidi N, Rammeh S, Zermani R, Jilani SB |title=Salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Pathol |volume=16 |issue=1 |pages=134–6 |date=January 2012 |pmid=22434951 |pmc=3303509 |doi=10.4103/0973-029X.92992 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29103750">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schmitt NC, Kang H, Sharma A |title=Salivary duct carcinoma: An aggressive salivary gland malignancy with opportunities for targeted therapy |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=74 |issue= |pages=40–48 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29103750 |pmc=5685667 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.09.008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23821208">{{cite journal |vauthors=Simpson RH |title=Salivary duct carcinoma: new developments--morphological variants including pure in situ high grade lesions; proposed molecular classification |journal=Head Neck Pathol |volume=7 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S48–58 |date=July 2013 |pmid=23821208 |pmc=3712088 |doi=10.1007/s12105-013-0456-x |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
+*[[Malignant]]
 (Highly aggressive)
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Incidence]]: 1-3%
+*[[Incidence]]: 1-3%
 * Gender: Male predilection
 * Mean age: 55-61 years old
@@ Line 1,296: / Line 281: @@
 * Ulceration of [[mucosa]] and [[Ulceration|skin]]
 * May have [[lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[facial paralysis]] in case of [[facial nerve]] involvement
+*[[facial paralysis]] in case of [[facial nerve]] involvement
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Pathomorphologically [[tumor]] of [[Salivary gland|salivary ducts]] resembles tumor of [[breast]] ducts
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Gross examination|Gross]] findings:
+*[[Gross examination|Gross]] findings:
 **Firm [[mass]]
 **[[Cystic|Cystic component]] of variable size and dimension
@@ Line 1,313: / Line 298: @@
 * Shows [[neural]] and [[jaw]] involvement
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
+*[[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
 |-
 ! align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Squamous cell carcinoma]]<ref name="pmid25328317">{{cite journal |vauthors=Manvikar V, Ramulu S, Ravishanker ST, Chakravarthy C |title=Squamous cell carcinoma of submandibular salivary gland: A rare case report |journal=J Oral Maxillofac Pathol |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=299–302 |date=May 2014 |pmid=25328317 |pmc=4196305 |doi=10.4103/0973-029X.140909 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16475198">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ying YL, Johnson JT, Myers EN |title=Squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland |journal=Head Neck |volume=28 |issue=7 |pages=626–32 |date=July 2006 |pmid=16475198 |doi=10.1002/hed.20360 |url=}}</ref>
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
+*[[Malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Incidence: rare
@@ Line 1,325: / Line 309: @@
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Present as painful growing [[mass]] on [[jaw]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
+| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |  +
 | align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
@@ Line 1,332: / Line 316: @@
 *[[Swelling|Solitary swelling]] on jaw
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Submandibular gland]] predilection
+*[[Submandibular gland]] predilection
 * Thinning and discoloration of [[skin]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
 * Past [[radiation]] exposure is a strong [[risk factor]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Gross]] findings: Thinning of [[skin]]
+*[[Gross]] findings: Thinning of [[skin]]
-* [[Microscopically]] findings: Nest and solid sheets of [[Tumor cell|tumor cells]] arranged in [[glandular]] pattern
+*[[Microscopically]] findings: Nest and solid sheets of [[Tumor cell|tumor cells]] arranged in [[glandular]] pattern
-* [[Immunohistochemical staining]] can be used to mark the [[squamous]] and [[keratin]] component
+*[[Immunohistochemical staining]] can be used to mark the [[squamous]] and [[keratin]] component
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Tumor]] dimension can be delineated using both [[CT]] and [[MRI]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="4" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Hypopharyngeal cancer]]<ref name="pmid12560383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Helliwell TR |title=acp Best Practice No 169. Evidence based pathology: squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx |journal=J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=81–5 |date=February 2003 |pmid=12560383 |pmc=1769882 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|journal=International Journal of Recent Scientific Research|issn=09763031|doi=10.24327/IJRSR}}</ref><ref name="Maaslandvan den Brandt2014">{{cite journal|last1=Maasland|first1=Denise HE|last2=van den Brandt|first2=Piet A|last3=Kremer|first3=Bernd|last4=Goldbohm|first4=R Alexandra|last5=Schouten|first5=Leo J|title=Alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking and the risk of subtypes of head-neck cancer: results from the Netherlands Cohort Study|journal=BMC Cancer|volume=14|issue=1|year=2014|issn=1471-2407|doi=10.1186/1471-2407-14-187}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* More common in males
-* [[Age]]: 55-65 years old
-* [[Incidence]]: < 1/100,000 in U.S.
-* More common in Japan, India, Iran
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Tobacco]] use
-* [[Abuse|Abuse alcohol]] consumption
-* [[HPV infection]]
-* Lump in the [[neck]]
-* [[Odynophagia]]
-* [[Hoarseness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Non tender [[Cervical|cervical node]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Spindle cells]]
-* [[Nuclear|Nuclear atypia]]
-* Basaloid [[cells]]
-* Abundant [[chromatin]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Neck]] [[CT]] scan:
-** [[Soft tissue]] mass
-** Irregular thickening of [[mucosa]]
-** [[Necrotic|Necrotic region]]
-* [[MRI]]:
-** [[Tumors]] are hypointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Parathyroid cancer]]<ref name="pmid22327883">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wei CH, Harari A |title=Parathyroid carcinoma: update and guidelines for management |journal=Curr Treat Options Oncol |volume=13 |issue=1 |pages=11–23 |date=March 2012 |pmid=22327883 |doi=10.1007/s11864-011-0171-3 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17713315">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sahasranam P, Tran MT, Mohamed H, Friedman TC |title=Multiglandular parathyroid carcinoma: a case report and brief review |journal=South. Med. J. |volume=100 |issue=8 |pages=841–4 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17713315 |doi=10.1097/SMJ.0b013e318073ca37 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4886854">{{cite journal |vauthors=Holmes EC, Morton DL, Ketcham AS |title=Parathyroid carcinoma: a collective review |journal=Ann. Surg. |volume=169 |issue=4 |pages=631–40 |date=April 1969 |pmid=4886854 |pmc=1387475 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Incidence]]: Rare
-* Mean age : 44-54 years old
-* Gender: Female predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Presents with the [[hyperparathyroidism]]
-*[[Bone]] pains
-*[[Abdominal pain]]
-*[[Nausea and vomiting]]
-*[[Fatigue]]
-*[[Confusion]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Lower [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Tachycardia]]
-*[[Weight loss]]
-*[[Sweating]]
-*Neck [[swelling]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Low [[TSH]]
-*Increased [[T4]] and [[T3]]
-*[[Hypercalcemia]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Microscopic]] findings:
-** Trabecular [[Growth|growth pattern]]
-** High [[mitosis]]
-** Surrounding thick fibrotic bands
-** Capsular involvement
-** Vascular [[invasion]] is common
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[MRI]] shows more frequent lower lobe involvement, vascular involvement , [[lymph node]] [[metastasis]], and perineural involvement
-*[[Bone scan]] may show decreasing [[bone density]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Hereditary syndromes
-* [[Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2|MEN-2B syndrome]]
-* [[Neurofibromatosis type 1]]
-* [[VHL syndrome|VHL]] disease
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Carotid body tumor|Carotid body tumors]]<ref name="pmid174004872">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM |title=A multicenter review of carotid body tumour management |journal=Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=127–30 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17400487 |doi=10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid158837112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Schipper J |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Fam. Cancer |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=55–9 |date=2005 |pmid=15883711 |doi=10.1007/s10689-004-2154-z |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15063383">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellitteri PK, Rinaldo A, Myssiorek D, Gary Jackson C, Bradley PJ, Devaney KO, Shaha AR, Netterville JL, Manni JJ, Ferlito A |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck |journal=Oral Oncol. |volume=40 |issue=6 |pages=563–75 |date=July 2004 |pmid=15063383 |doi=10.1016/j.oraloncology.2003.09.004 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28478173">{{cite journal |vauthors=Darouassi Y, Alaoui M, Mliha Touati M, Al Maghraoui O, En-Nouali A, Bouaity B, Ammar H |title=Carotid Body Tumors: A Case Series and Review of the Literature |journal=Ann Vasc Surg |volume=43 |issue= |pages=265–271 |date=August 2017 |pmid=28478173 |doi=10.1016/j.avsg.2017.03.167 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Age: 26-55 years
-* Male predominance
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*A slow growing [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Mobile
-*Non-tender [[Neck masses|neck mass]] (horizontally more than vertically)
-*[[Pulsatile Flow|Pulsatile]]
-*[[Bruit]] may be present
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*Change in voice
-*[[Dizziness]]
-*[[Tinnitus]]
-*[[Headache]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Rasised [[catecholamine]] levels
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Microscopically they are extra-adrenal [[paragangliomas]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Doppler ultrasound]], [[Computed tomography|CT,]] [[MRI]] and [[angiography]] is used to visualize the [[tumor]]
-*[[Metaiodobenzylguanidine|Metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG)]] testing
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Histopathology]] analysis and [[catecholamine]] levels
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Paraganglioma]]<ref name="pmid15328326">{{cite journal |vauthors=Neumann HP, Pawlu C, Peczkowska M, Bausch B, McWhinney SR, Muresan M, Buchta M, Franke G, Klisch J, Bley TA, Hoegerle S, Boedeker CC, Opocher G, Schipper J, Januszewicz A, Eng C |title=Distinct clinical features of paraganglioma syndromes associated with SDHB and SDHD gene mutations |journal=JAMA |volume=292 |issue=8 |pages=943–51 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15328326 |doi=10.1001/jama.292.8.943 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11701678">{{cite journal |vauthors=Erickson D, Kudva YC, Ebersold MJ, Thompson GB, Grant CS, van Heerden JA, Young WF |title=Benign paragangliomas: clinical presentation and treatment outcomes in 236 patients |journal=J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. |volume=86 |issue=11 |pages=5210–6 |date=November 2001 |pmid=11701678 |doi=10.1210/jcem.86.11.8034 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8678971">{{cite journal |vauthors=O'Riordain DS, Young WF, Grant CS, Carney JA, van Heerden JA |title=Clinical spectrum and outcome of functional extraadrenal paraganglioma |journal=World J Surg |volume=20 |issue=7 |pages=916–21; discussion 922 |date=September 1996 |pmid=8678971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]] (Majority)
-* [[Malignant]] (rare)
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Age 50-70 years
-* More in females
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* May be an accidental finding depending on their secretory nature or present with following symptoms:
-** [[Palpitation]]
-**[[Tremor]]
-**Pulse-like vibratory sense
-**[[Headache]]
-**Change in voice
-**Vertigo
-*[[Catecholamine]] secreting [[paragangliomas]] presents with :
-**[[Hypertension]]
-**[[Headache]]
-**[[Sweating]]
-**[[Tachycardia]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* No visible [[mass]]
-* Located deep in the the [[neck]] along the [[glossopharyngeal nerve]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biochemical testing]] may show [[catecholamine]] metabolites in [[serum]] or [[urine]] samples
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Highly [[vascular tumors]] that involves [[nerves]] around [[vessels]]
-* [[Gross examination|Gross findings]]:
-**Fleshy [[tumor]]
-**Pink to red-brown to gray in color
-**Associated with [[hemorrhage]] or [[fibrosis]]
-* [[Microscopic|Microscopic findings]]:
-** Round or polygonal cells
-** Nests or trabecular structures inside the capsule
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-*[[Ultrasound]]
-*[[Computed tomography]]
-*[[Magnetic resonance imaging]]
-*[[Angiography]]
-*[[metaiodobenzylguanidine]] (MIBG)
-*18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose Positron emission tomography (FDG-PET)
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Imaging]] and [[Catecholamine|serum catecholamine analysis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |−
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Schwannoma]]<ref name="pmid24450866">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hilton DA, Hanemann CO |title=Schwannomas and their pathogenesis |journal=Brain Pathol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=205–20 |date=April 2014 |pmid=24450866 |doi=10.1111/bpa.12125 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28237565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Albert P, Patel J, Badawy K, Weissinger W, Brenner M, Bourhill I, Parnell J |title=Peripheral Nerve Schwannoma: A Review of Varying Clinical Presentations and Imaging Findings |journal=J Foot Ankle Surg |volume=56 |issue=3 |pages=632–637 |date=2017 |pmid=28237565 |doi=10.1053/j.jfas.2016.12.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid27020268">{{cite journal |vauthors=Wong BLK, Bathala S, Grant D |title=Laryngeal schwannoma: a systematic review |journal=Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |volume=274 |issue=1 |pages=25–34 |date=January 2017 |pmid=27020268 |doi=10.1007/s00405-016-4013-6 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Rare [[tumor]]
-* Incidence: 1-10%
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Slow growing [[mass]]
-* Localized neural deficit depending on the site of [[peripheral nerve]] involved
-* [[Vagus nerve]] or [[Sympathetic chain|superior cervical sympathetic chain]] involvement (most common locations)
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | +
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Multiple
-* Slow growing  [[nodules]] on the skin
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Vagal]] involvement:
-** [[Hoarseness]]
-** [[Dysphagia]]
-* [[Sympathetic nerve]] involvement may present as [[Horner's syndrome]]:
-**[[Dilated pupil]]
-** Decrease [[sweating]]
-** Dropping eyelid
-* [[Vestibular nerve]] involvement & [[Hearing impairment]] (most common)
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* May be normal
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Encapsulated neural tissue growth
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Resembling [[Carotid body tumor]] on [[Computed tomography|CT]]
-* [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and [[Angiography|MRI angiography]] confirm the diagnosis
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Imaging]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[neurofibromatosis type II]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lymphoma]] <ref name="pmid7139563">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71395632">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15185336">{{cite journal |vauthors=Negri E, Little D, Boiocchi M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S |title=B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15185336 |doi=10.1002/ijc.20205 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2406917">{{cite journal |vauthors=Moormeier JA, Williams SF, Golomb HM |title=The staging of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=17 |issue=1 |pages=43–50 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2406917 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid151853362">{{cite journal |vauthors=Negri E, Little D, Boiocchi M, La Vecchia C, Franceschi S |title=B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and hepatitis C virus infection: a systematic review |journal=Int. J. Cancer |volume=111 |issue=1 |pages=1–8 |date=August 2004 |pmid=15185336 |doi=10.1002/ijc.20205 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid71395633">{{cite journal |vauthors=Anderson T, Chabner BA, Young RC, Berard CW, Garvin AJ, Simon RM, DeVita VT |title=Malignant lymphoma. 1. The histology and staging of 473 patients at the National Cancer Institute |journal=Cancer |volume=50 |issue=12 |pages=2699–707 |date=December 1982 |pmid=7139563 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]] or [[malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Age: Predilection for older age
-* Mean age: 55
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Insidious onset slow growing [[Lymph node|lymph nodes]]
-* Non-specific systemic [[B symptoms]]:
-** [[Fever]]
-** [[Night sweats]]
-** [[Weight loss]])
-** [[Rash]]
-* Waxing and waning [[lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Abdominal fullness]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Multiple chain [[lymphadenopathy]]
-* [[Hepatosplenomegaly]]
-* [[Ascites]]
-* [[Crackles]] heard on [[Auscultation|chest auscultation]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Rash]] and [[pruritus]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Pancytopenia]]
-* [[Hypercalcemia]]
-* [[Hyperuricemia]] (increased cell turnover)
-* [[Immunoglobulin|Monoclonal immunoglobulin]] (M-spike)
-* Raised [[LDH]] levels
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* On complete node analysis four patterns are described:
-** Nodular/follicular
-** Diffuse pattern
-** Transition from a nodular to a diffuse pattern in adjacent nodes
-** Transition from a lower to a higher grade of involvement within a single node
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Imaging to stage the disease
-* [[Positron emission tomography]] with computed tomography is preferred over [[MRI]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Lymph node]] biopsy coupled with [[cytometry]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Infections]] due to [[cytopenias]]
-* With acquired form of [[C1 inhibitor deficiency]] patients may develop [[angioedema]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Liposarcoma]] <ref name="pmid171979142">{{cite journal |vauthors=Evans HL |title=Atypical lipomatous tumor, its variants, and its combined forms: a study of 61 cases, with a minimum follow-up of 10 years |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=31 |issue=1 |pages=1–14 |date=January 2007 |pmid=17197914 |doi=10.1097/01.pas.0000213406.95440.7a |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21253554">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conyers R, Young S, Thomas DM |title=Liposarcoma: molecular genetics and therapeutics |journal=Sarcoma |volume=2011 |issue= |pages=483154 |date=2011 |pmid=21253554 |pmc=3021868 |doi=10.1155/2011/483154 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19194281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Alaggio R, Coffin CM, Weiss SW, Bridge JA, Issakov J, Oliveira AM, Folpe AL |title=Liposarcomas in young patients: a study of 82 cases occurring in patients younger than 22 years of age |journal=Am. J. Surg. Pathol. |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=645–58 |date=May 2009 |pmid=19194281 |doi=10.1097/PAS.0b013e3181963c9c |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid176106862">{{cite journal |vauthors=Serpell JW, Chen RY |title=Review of large deep lipomatous tumours |journal=ANZ J Surg |volume=77 |issue=7 |pages=524–9 |date=July 2007 |pmid=17610686 |doi=10.1111/j.1445-2197.2007.04042.x |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Rare [[tumor]]
-* Age: Relatively in older age
-* Gender: No gender predilection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Mobile [[Mass|mass]]
-* Few symptoms until they grow enough to compress the surrounding structures
-* Symptoms of [[neural]] deficit, pain, [[tingling]], or [[skin]] changes
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Mobile soft [[mass]]
-* Intact overlying [[skin]]
-* Blue discoloration due to intra-lesion [[hemorrhage]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Intact [[skin]] and normal color
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Normal
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Gross examination]]:
-**Bulk of yellow colored [[fat tissue]]
-* [[Microscopic|Microscopic features]]:
-** [[Adipose tissue]] containing lipoblasts
-** Atypical [[nucleus]] pushed to side by intracytoplasmic vacuoles
-* Tissue [[biopsy]] may show [[histological]] sub-groups:
-** Well-differentiated
-** Myxoid/round cell
-** Pleomorphic liposarcomas
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Imaging]] not usually required for diagnosis
-* May show deeper [[invasion]]
-* [[Ultrasound]] shows homogeneous hyperechoic [[mass]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[Histopathology|histopathology analysis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Neoplasm
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Lipoma]] <ref name="pmid24800932">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Bree E, Karatzanis A, Hunt JL, Strojan P, Rinaldo A, Takes RP, Ferlito A, de Bree R |title=Lipomatous tumours of the head and neck: a spectrum of biological behaviour |journal=Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol |volume=272 |issue=5 |pages=1061–77 |date=May 2015 |pmid=24800932 |doi=10.1007/s00405-014-3065-8 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6670522">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rydholm A, Berg NO |title=Size, site and clinical incidence of lipoma. Factors in the differential diagnosis of lipoma and sarcoma |journal=Acta Orthop Scand |volume=54 |issue=6 |pages=929–34 |date=December 1983 |pmid=6670522 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7282321">{{cite journal |vauthors=Myhre-Jensen O |title=A consecutive 7-year series of 1331 benign soft tissue tumours. Clinicopathologic data. Comparison with sarcomas |journal=Acta Orthop Scand |volume=52 |issue=3 |pages=287–93 |date=June 1981 |pmid=7282321 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Genetic predisposition]]
-* Unspecific gender or age association
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* One or multiple soft, painless skin [[nodules]]
-* May causes pain or compressive [[symptoms]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Mobile soft [[nodule]]
-* Intact overlying [[skin]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Normal
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Normal
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Diagnoses is usually [[clinical]]
-* Tissue [[biopsy]] may show:
-** Bundle of well-demarcated lipocytes
-** Single [[nuclei]] aligned to the side
-** Intra-cytoplasimic fat granules
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Diagnosis is usually clinical
-* [[ultrasound]] is used to differentiate [[lipoma]] from other [[benign]] lesions such as:
-** [[Epidermoid cyst]]
-** A [[ganglion]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Clinical]] evaluation
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Multiple [[lipomas]]
-* Associated with [[familial multiple lipomatosis]]
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |Glomus vagale, [[Glomus jugulare tumor|glomus jugulare]] tumors<ref name="pmid8164483">{{cite journal |vauthors=Urquhart AC, Johnson JT, Myers EN, Schechter GL |title=Glomus vagale: paraganglioma of the vagus nerve |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=440–5 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8164483 |doi=10.1288/00005537-199404000-00008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid6308990">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valavanis A, Schubiger O, Oguz M |title=High-resolution CT investigation of nonchromaffin paragangliomas of the temporal bone |journal=AJNR Am J Neuroradiol |volume=4 |issue=3 |pages=516–9 |date=1983 |pmid=6308990 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid81644832">{{cite journal |vauthors=Urquhart AC, Johnson JT, Myers EN, Schechter GL |title=Glomus vagale: paraganglioma of the vagus nerve |journal=Laryngoscope |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=440–5 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8164483 |doi=10.1288/00005537-199404000-00008 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid1988766">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stein PP, Black HR |title=A simplified diagnostic approach to pheochromocytoma. A review of the literature and report of one institution's experience |journal=Medicine (Baltimore) |volume=70 |issue=1 |pages=46–66 |date=January 1991 |pmid=1988766 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17400487">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sajid MS, Hamilton G, Baker DM |title=A multicenter review of carotid body tumour management |journal=Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg |volume=34 |issue=2 |pages=127–30 |date=August 2007 |pmid=17400487 |doi=10.1016/j.ejvs.2007.01.015 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15883711">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boedeker CC, Ridder GJ, Schipper J |title=Paragangliomas of the head and neck: diagnosis and treatment |journal=Fam. Cancer |volume=4 |issue=1 |pages=55–9 |date=2005 |pmid=15883711 |doi=10.1007/s10689-004-2154-z |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Rare tumor
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Painless slowly enlarging [[Mass|mass]] in the [[neck]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Non-compressible
-* Firm
-* Non-tender [[swelling]]
-* No [[thrill]] or [[bruit]]
-* Normal overlying skin
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Secretory tumors
-* May have compressive signs such as:
-** [[Dysphagia]]
-** [[Hoarseness]]
-** [[Cranial nerves]] deficits
-** [[Horner's syndrome]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Normal
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Glomus tumor|Glomus tumors]] arise from Non [[Chromaffin cells]]
-* [[histopathology]] reveals "salt and pepper" [[chromatin]]
-* On [[immunohistochemistry]] [[Tumor cell|tumor cells]] show [[chromogranin]] and [[S-100]] positivity
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[MRI]] ([[Imaging]] of choice): Typical appearance of the [[tumor]] along [[vagus nerve]]
-* [[Ultrasonography]] (early stage of diagnosis): Isoechoic to hypoechoic well defined [[tumor]]
-* [[CT-scans|CT]]: Vascularity of the [[tumor]]
-* Biochemical testing: Shows secretary nature of the [[tumor]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Imaging]] and [[Metaiodobenzylguanidine]] (MIBG) testing
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Head and neck cancer|Metastatic head and neck cancer]]<ref name="pmid2211107">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gluckman JL, Robbins KT, Fried MP |title=Cervical metastatic squamous carcinoma of unknown or occult primary source |journal=Head Neck |volume=12 |issue=5 |pages=440–3 |date=1990 |pmid=2211107 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19841343">{{cite journal |vauthors=Waltonen JD, Ozer E, Hall NC, Schuller DE, Agrawal A |title=Metastatic carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary origin: evolution and efficacy of the modern workup |journal=Arch. Otolaryngol. Head Neck Surg. |volume=135 |issue=10 |pages=1024–9 |date=October 2009 |pmid=19841343 |doi=10.1001/archoto.2009.145 |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Malignant]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Depends on the nature of [[metastatic]] [[tumor]]
+*[[Tumor]] dimension can be delineated using both [[CT]] and [[MRI]]
 | align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Asymptomatic
+*[[Biopsy]] and [[histopathological]] examination
-* Painless [[lymphadenopathy]]
-* Supra clavicular fullness in case of [[stomach cancer]] [[metastasis]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Non-[[Tenderness|tender]] [[mass]] in the [[neck]]
-* Non-tender [[lymphadenopathy]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Majority of metastatic [[head and neck cancer]]
-* Metastatise from [[Gastrointestinal tract|GIT]] and lungs
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Vary depending on the underlying [[cancer]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Histology]] of primary cancer
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Computed tomography|CT]] and [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] to see extent of [[tumor]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathology]] of the primary site of [[tumor]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
-|-
-! rowspan="3" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Laryngeal cancer]]<ref name="pmid6639441">{{cite journal |vauthors=Feldman PS, Kaplan MJ, Johns ME, Cantrell RW |title=Fine-needle aspiration in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |journal=Arch Otolaryngol |volume=109 |issue=11 |pages=735–42 |date=November 1983 |pmid=6639441 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26237923">{{cite journal |vauthors=Grénman R, Koivunen P, Minn H |title=[Laryngeal cancer in Finland] |language=Finnish |journal=Duodecim |volume=131 |issue=4 |pages=331–7 |date=2015 |pmid=26237923 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |[[Benign]]/[[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Older males
-* Younger patients with [[Human papillomavirus|HPV]] infection or smoking history
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Neck masses|Neck mass]]
-* [[Hoarseness]]
-* Throat pain
-* [[Snoring]]
-* [[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Examination of [[neck]] and [[oral cavity]] may show :
-** [[mass]]
-** [[lymphadenopathy]]
-*Examination of [[laryngeal cancer]] is done using flexible [[laryngoscopy]] under [[anesthesia]].
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Smoking]] is the most common risk factor
-* [[Smoking]] with [[alcohol]] increases the risk
-* Oropharyngeal cancers presenting with [[neck masses]] are associated with
-[[Human papillomavirus|human papillomavirus (HPV)]]  infection
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Human papillomavirus|HPV testing]] may show [[HPV infection]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[FNA]] of [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
-* Followed by [[biopsy]] of [[laryngeal cancer]]
-* Show type cancer cells
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Computed tomography|CT]], [[Magnetic resonance imaging|MRI]] and [[Positron emission tomography|PET]] are used to see local infiltration by [[cancer]]
-* Also to see distant [[metastases]].
-* Panendoscopy is done to see extent of the [[tumor]].
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Laryngoscopy]] and [[biopsy]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Arteriovenous fistula]]
-<ref name="pmid26972281">{{cite journal |vauthors=Guneyli S, Cinar C, Bozkaya H, Korkmaz M, Oran I |title=Endovascular management of congenital arteriovenous fistulae in the neck |journal=Diagn Interv Imaging |volume=97 |issue=9 |pages=871–5 |date=September 2016 |pmid=26972281 |doi=10.1016/j.diii.2015.08.006 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8264877">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gobin YP, Garcia de la Fuente JA, Herbreteau D, Houdart E, Merland JJ |title=Endovascular treatment of external carotid-jugular fistulae in the parotid region |journal=Neurosurgery |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=812–6 |date=November 1993 |pmid=8264877 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]/[[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Depends on the risk factors
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Expanding [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
-* [[Headaches]]
-* [[Dizziness]]
-* [[Neurological|Neurological sequels]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Pulsating [[Neck masses|neck mass]]
-* [[Bruit]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* May be associated with [[vasculopathies]]
-* [[metastatic]] invasion of vessels and neck surgery
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Varies depending on the etiology
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[MR angiography]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[MR angiography]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! colspan="2" align="center" style="background:#DCDCDC;" |[[Thyroid mass causes|Thyroid nodule]]/ [[Goiter]]
-<ref name="pmid7606997">{{cite journal |vauthors=Madjar S, Weissberg D |title=Retrosternal goiter |journal=Chest |volume=108 |issue=1 |pages=78–82 |date=July 1995 |pmid=7606997 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11893102">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hedayati N, McHenry CR |title=The clinical presentation and operative management of nodular and diffuse substernal thyroid disease |journal=Am Surg |volume=68 |issue=3 |pages=245–51; discussion 251–2 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11893102 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23145396">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hughes K, Eastman C |title=Goitre - causes, investigation and management |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=41 |issue=8 |pages=572–6 |date=August 2012 |pmid=23145396 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10972051">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hermus AR, Huysmans DA |title=[Diagnosis and therapy of patients with euthyroid goiter] |language=Dutch; Flemish |journal=Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd |volume=144 |issue=34 |pages=1623–7 |date=August 2000 |pmid=10972051 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Benign]]/ [[Malignant]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Female predominance
-* Young age (benign causes)
-* Old age ([[malignant]] etiology)
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Growing painless [[Neck masses|neck mass]] in front of neck
-* [[Weight loss]]
-* Palpitation
-* [[Hoarseness]]
-* [[Irritability]]
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | ±
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Painless
-* Non-tender
-* Asymmetrical [[Neck masses|neck mass]] in front of neck
-* With smooth overlying skin
-* Nodular surface
-* Depending on the type:
-** May be mobile
-** Adherent to the underlying structure
-** [[Lymphadenopathy]] in case of [[malignant]] features
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Goiter]] is most commonly associated with [[iodine deficiency]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* Normal to low [[TSH|TSH levels]] in case of malignancy
-* High TSH levels in case of [[goiter]]
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[FNA]] is done in case of [[goiter]]
-* [[Biopsy|Core biopsy]] is performed if [[malignancy]] is suspected
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Ultrasonography|USG]]:
-** Shows nodular or non- nodular lesions in [[Thyroid]]
-** [[Ultrasonography|US]] is better than [[Computed tomography|CT]].
-* [[Thyroid]] [[radionuclide imaging]]:
-** Shows [[radioiodine]] uptake
-** Cold in case of [[malignancy]]
-** Cold or hot in case of [[goiter]].
-| align="left" style="background:#F5F5F5;" |
-* [[Biopsy]] and [[histopathology]] of nodules
-| align="center" style="background:#F5F5F5;" | −
-|-
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Category
-! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Diseases
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Benign
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Demography
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |History
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Pain
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Dysphagia
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Mass exam
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Others
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab findings
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Histopathology
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Gold standard diagnosis
-! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Associated findings
 |}