Kaposi's sarcoma classification: Difference between revisions
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*If caused by [[infection]] other than [[HIV]], it can be treated by radiotherapy or [[chemotherapy]] | *If caused by [[infection]] other than [[HIV]], it can be treated by radiotherapy or [[chemotherapy]] | ||
*The burden of [[HIV]] and [[KSHV]] [[coinfection]] is high in sub-Saharan Africa | *The burden of [[HIV]] and [[KSHV]] [[coinfection]] is high in sub-Saharan Africa | ||
*The access to combined cART is expanding but still limited | *The access to combined [[cART]] is expanding but still limited | ||
*KS surveillance programs are insufficient | *[[KS]] surveillance programs are insufficient | ||
*combination therapy of cART and chemotherapy has 66% response rate | *[[combination therapy]] of [[cART]] and [[chemotherapy]] has 66% response rate | ||
*The limitations of achieving an optimal and affordable therapeutic approach is: | *The limitations of achieving an optimal and affordable [[therapeutic]] approach is: | ||
*Resource-limited settings and infrastructure issues such as lack of trained personnel to administer chemotherapy and lack of infusion centers, and the inability to monitor blood work, a high rate of co-morbid tuberculosis | *Resource-limited settings and infrastructure issues such as lack of trained personnel to administer [[chemotherapy]] and lack of [[infusion]] centers, and the inability to monitor blood work, a high rate of co-morbid [[tuberculosis]] | ||
*Oral agents such as etoposide may have the benefit of ease of administration | *Oral agents such as [[etoposide]] may have the benefit of ease of administration | ||
* | * | ||
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* A very aggressive form | * A very aggressive form | ||
* Affects very young children, < 10 years of age | * Affects very young children, < 10 years of age | ||
* Not related to HIV | * Not related to [[HIV]] | ||
*Affects the skin and lymph nodes | *Affects the [[skin]] and [[lymph nodes]] | ||
*Risk factors | *[[Risk factors]] | ||
** Chronic malaria | ** Chronic malaria | ||
** Chronic parasitic infections | ** Chronic parasitic infections | ||
Revision as of 21:58, 16 October 2019
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Huda A. Karman, M.D.
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Kaposi's sarcoma Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Kaposi's sarcoma classification On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Kaposi's sarcoma classification |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Kaposi's sarcoma classification |
Overview
Kaposi's sarcoma may be classified according to the clinical setting of the disease into five subtypes include Classic Kaposi's sarcoma, African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma, African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma, Immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma, and AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma.
Classification
- According to the clinical setting of the disease, clinical presentation, epidemiology, and prognosis Kaposi's sarcoma may be classified into five different subtypes which include:[1][2][3]
- Classic Kaposi's sarcoma
- African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma
- African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma
- Iatrogenic Kaposi's sarcoma (immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma)
- AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma
- African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma and African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma could be classified under the term of endemic Kaposi's sarcomas.
| Types | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| Classic (Mediterranean) Kaposi's sarcoma [4][5][6][7] |
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| (Endemic) African cutaneous Kaposi's sarcoma[8] |
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| (Endemic) African lymphadenopathic Kaposi's sarcoma |
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| Iatrogenic (transplant-related) Kaposi's sarcoma (immunosuppression-associated Kaposi's sarcoma)[9][10] |
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| (Epidemic) AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma[11] |
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References
- ↑ Uldrick TS, Whitby D (June 2011). "Update on KSHV epidemiology, Kaposi Sarcoma pathogenesis, and treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma". Cancer Lett. 305 (2): 150–62. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.006. PMID 21377267.
- ↑ Krigel RL, Laubenstein LJ, Muggia FM (June 1983). "Kaposi's sarcoma: a new staging classification". Cancer Treat Rep. 67 (6): 531–4. PMID 6861160.
- ↑ Grayson W, Pantanowitz L (July 2008). "Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma". Diagn Pathol. 3: 31. doi:10.1186/1746-1596-3-31. PMC 2526984. PMID 18655700.
- ↑ Vincenzi B, D'Onofrio L, Frezza AM, Grasso RF, Fausti V, Santini D; et al. (2015). "Classic Kaposi Sarcoma: to treat or not to treat?". BMC Res Notes. 8: 138. doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1076-1. PMC 4395989. PMID 25889316.
- ↑ Stratigos, John; Potouridou, Irene; Katoulis, Alexander; Hatziolou, Eftichia; Christofidou, Eleftheria; Stratigos, Alexander; Hatzakis, Angelos; Stavrianeas, Nicholas (1997). "Classic Kaposi's sarcoma in Greece: a clinico-epidemiological profile". International Journal of Dermatology. 36 (10): 735–740. doi:10.1046/j.1365-4362.1997.00284.x. ISSN 0011-9059.
- ↑ Landau HJ, Poiesz BJ, Dube S, Bogart JA, Weiner LB, Souid AK (2001). "Classic Kaposi's sarcoma associated with human herpesvirus 8 infection in a 13-year-old male: a case report". Clin Cancer Res. 7 (8): 2263–8. PMID 11489800.
- ↑ Cetin, Bulent; Aktas, Bilge; Bal, Oznur; Algin, Efnan; Akman, Tulay; Koral, Lokman; Kaplan, Mehmet Ali; Demirci, Umut; Uncu, Dogan; Ozet, Ahmet (2018). "Classic Kaposi's sarcoma: A review of 156 cases". Dermatologica Sinica. 36 (4): 185–189. doi:10.1016/j.dsi.2018.06.005. ISSN 1027-8117.
- ↑ Uldrick TS, Whitby D (2011). "Update on KSHV epidemiology, Kaposi Sarcoma pathogenesis, and treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma". Cancer Lett. 305 (2): 150–62. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.02.006. PMC 3085592. PMID 21377267.
- ↑ Siegel JH, Janis R, Alper JC, Schutte H, Robbins L, Blaufox MD (1969). "Disseminated visceral Kaposi's sarcoma. Appearance after human renal homograft operation". JAMA. 207 (8): 1493–6. PMID 4884743.
- ↑ Klepp O, Dahl O, Stenwig JT (1978). "Association of Kaposi's sarcoma and prior immunosuppressive therapy: a 5-year material of Kaposi's sarcoma in Norway". Cancer. 42 (6): 2626–30. doi:10.1002/1097-0142(197812)42:6<2626::aid-cncr2820420618>3.0.co;2-7. PMID 728865.
- ↑ Thomas S, Sindhu CB, Sreekumar S, Sasidharan PK (2011). "AIDS associated Kaposi's sarcoma". J Assoc Physicians India. 59: 387–9. PMID 21751599.