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==Overview==
==Overview==
==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
the first patient with HCM was described in 1869 Henri Liouville [1] and which described a 75-year-old woman who developed worsening dyspnea over several days. On physical examination, she had a systolic heart murmur. She died shortly after presentation.
<br />
===Discovery===


Liouville H. Rétrécissement cardiaque sous aortique. Gazette Medecine Paris. 1869;24:161–163.
*The first case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was discribed by in '''1869''' Henri Liouville in the Gazette Medecine Paris. He described a 75-year-old woman who developed worsening dyspnea over several days. On physical examination, she had a systolic heart murmur. She died shortly after presentation. ''Liouville H. Rétrécissement cardiaque sous aortique. Gazette Medecine Paris. 1869;24:161–163.''


*In '''1907''' Dr. A. Schmincke, a german pathologist, described two hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy; both came from women in their mid fifties. ''Schmincke A. Ueber linkseitige muskulose conustenosen. Deutsche Med Wochenschr. 1907;33:2082–2085.''
*Levy and von Glahn in '''1944''', from Colombia University in New York, published a series of cases which resembles HCM.                                      ''Levy RL, von Glahn WC. Cardiac hypertrophy of unknown cause. A study of the clinical and pathologic features in ten adults. Am Heart J. 1944;28:714–741.''
*In '''1949,''' William Evans, a London cardiologist, described familial occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy in a series of patients which were similar to those described in the paper by Levy and von Glahn. <ref name="pmid18113470">{{cite journal| author=EVANS W| title=Familial cardiomegaly. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1949 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 68-82 | pmid=18113470 | doi=10.1136/hrt.11.1.68 | pmc=503618 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18113470  }} </ref>
*In '''1961''' Paré et al. reported thirty members of five generations of a French Canadian family in Quebec in whom the condition was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.<ref name="pmid13732753">{{cite journal| author=PARE JA, FRASER RG, PIROZYNSKI WJ, SHANKS JA, STUBINGTON D| title=Hereditary cardiovascular dysplasia. A form of familial cardiomyopathy. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1961 | volume= 31 | issue=  | pages= 37-62 | pmid=13732753 | doi=10.1016/0002-9343(61)90222-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13732753  }} </ref>
*In '''1958''' Teare, an English pathologist, described eight cases of asymmetric cardiac muscle hypertrophy, he thought that they might be benign cardiac tumors. Seven of these caused sudden death in young adults. Teare named the condition “Asymetrical Hypertrophy of the Heart.”<ref name="pmid13499764">{{cite journal| author=TEARE D| title=Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1958 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-8 | pmid=13499764 | doi=10.1136/hrt.20.1.1 | pmc=492780 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13499764  }} </ref>
*In 1'''959''' Sir Russell Brock described a young man with angina and a subaortic stenosis and a subaortic intraventricular pressure gradient. He mentioned: ''“That this is not an isolated case is made clear by the experience of Dr. Glenn Morrow who tells me he has operated on two similar cases in two young men in their early twenties; both survived. He has kindly allowed me to mention these prior to his own report of them (Morrow and Braunwald, Circulation, in press, 1959)."'' <ref name="pmid13804574">{{cite journal| author=BROCK R| title=Functional obstruction of the left ventricle (acquired aortic subvalvar stenosis). | journal=Guys Hosp Rep | year= 1959 | volume= 108 | issue=  | pages= 126-43 | pmid=13804574 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13804574  }} </ref>
*Morrow and Braunwald published their first report in the same year, followed by several other reports. <ref name="pmid13671704">{{cite journal| author=MORROW AG, BRAUNWALD E| title=Functional aortic stenosis; a malformation characterized by resistance to left ventricular outflow without anatomic obstruction. | journal=Circulation | year= 1959 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-9 | pmid=13671704 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.20.2.181 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13671704  }} </ref>


Deutsche Med. Wochenschrift in 1907 Dr. A. Schmincke. described two hearts, both of which came from women in their mid fifties. They both had left ventricular hypertrophy.
===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies===
 
] Schmincke A. Ueber linkseitige muskulose conustenosen. Deutsche Med Wochenschr. 1907;33:2082–2085.
 
 
1944
 
Levy RL, von Glahn WC. Cardiac hypertrophy of unknown cause. A study of the clinical and pathologic features in ten adults. Am Heart J. 1944;28:714–741.
 
 
In 1949, William Evans, a London cardiologist, described patients with cardiac hypertrophy who were very similar to those described in the paper by Levy and von Glahn except for its familial occurrence.<ref name="pmid18113470">{{cite journal| author=EVANS W| title=Familial cardiomegaly. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1949 | volume= 11 | issue= 1 | pages= 68-82 | pmid=18113470 | doi=10.1136/hrt.11.1.68 | pmc=503618 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18113470  }} </ref>
 
 
Paré et al. published in 1961. It includes 30 members of five generations of a French Canadian family residing in Quebec in whom the condition was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.
 
<ref name="pmid13732753">{{cite journal| author=PARE JA, FRASER RG, PIROZYNSKI WJ, SHANKS JA, STUBINGTON D| title=Hereditary cardiovascular dysplasia. A form of familial cardiomyopathy. | journal=Am J Med | year= 1961 | volume= 31 | issue=  | pages= 37-62 | pmid=13732753 | doi=10.1016/0002-9343(61)90222-4 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13732753  }} </ref>
 
1958 by Teare, a London pathologist. He described eight cases of hypertrophy which were so asymmetric that he  thought that they might be benign cardiac tumors. Seven of these caused sudden death in young adults
Teare named the condition “Asymetrical Hypertrophy of the Heart.”
<ref name="pmid13499764">{{cite journal| author=TEARE D| title=Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults. | journal=Br Heart J | year= 1958 | volume= 20 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-8 | pmid=13499764 | doi=10.1136/hrt.20.1.1 | pmc=492780 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13499764  }} </ref>
 
1959 Sir Russell Brock described a 32-year-old man with angina pectoris and a heart murmur of subaortic stenosis. He too exhibited a subaortic intraventricular pressure gradient.
He mentioned: “That this is not an isolated case is made clear by the experience of Dr. Glenn Morrow who tells me he has operated on two similar cases in two young men in their early twenties; both survived. He has kindly allowed me to mention these prior to his own report of them (Morrow and Braunwald, Circulation, in press, 1959).”
 
 
<ref name="pmid13804574">{{cite journal| author=BROCK R| title=Functional obstruction of the left ventricle (acquired aortic subvalvar stenosis). | journal=Guys Hosp Rep | year= 1959 | volume= 108 | issue=  | pages= 126-43 | pmid=13804574 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13804574  }} </ref>


Morrow and Braunwald published their first report in the same year, followed by several other reports
* In 1'''961,''' Morrow described a surgical procedure to relieve the obstruction,<ref name="pmid13772904">{{cite journal| author=MORROW AG, BROCKENBROUGH EC| title=Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: technic and hemodynamic results of subaortic ventriculomyotomy. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1961 | volume= 154 | issue=  | pages= 181-9 | pmid=13772904 | doi=10.1097/00000658-196108000-00003 | pmc=1465878 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13772904  }} </ref> which is still the most widely used method of surgical treatment.


<ref name="pmid13671704">{{cite journal| author=MORROW AG, BRAUNWALD E| title=Functional aortic stenosis; a malformation characterized by resistance to left ventricular outflow without anatomic obstruction. | journal=Circulation | year= 1959 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 181-9 | pmid=13671704 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.20.2.181 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13671704 }} </ref>
* In '''1962,''' with respect to the observed intensification of obstruction in HCM with the beta-adrenergic agonists,<ref name="pmid14015086">{{cite journal| author=BRAUNWALD E, EBERT PA| title=Hemogynamic alterations in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis induced by sympathomimetic drugs. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1962 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 489-95 | pmid=14015086 | doi=10.1016/0002-9149(62)90373-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14015086  }} </ref> Braunwald suggested the use of newly developed beta-blockers.
* In '''1964,''' Braunwald reported beta-blockers beneficial hemodynamic effects.<ref name="pmid14105035">{{cite journal| author=HARRISON DC, BRAUNWALD E, GLICK G, MASON DT, CHIDSEY CA, ROSS J| title=EFFECTS OF BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON THE CIRCULATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO OBSERVATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS. | journal=Circulation | year= 1964 | volume= 29 | issue= | pages= 84-98 | pmid=14105035 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.29.1.84 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14105035 }} </ref>


 
* In '''1967,''' the clinical benefits of treatment with betablockers in patients with HCM has been proved to the scientific society. <ref name="pmid6067064">{{cite journal| author=Cohen LS, Braunwald E| title=Amelioration of angina pectoris in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with beta-adrenergic blockade. | journal=Circulation | year= 1967 | volume= 35 | issue= 5 | pages= 847-51 | pmid=6067064 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.35.5.847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6067064  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20559993">{{cite journal| author=Braunwald E| title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the early years. | journal=J Cardiovasc Transl Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 341-8 | pmid=20559993 | doi=10.1007/s12265-009-9128-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20559993  }} </ref><ref name="pmid25610836">{{cite journal| author=Braunwald E| title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The first century 1869-1969. | journal=Glob Cardiol Sci Pract | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue= 1 | pages= 5 | pmid=25610836 | doi=10.5339/gcsp.2012.5 | pmc=4239819 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610836  }} </ref>
1961, Morrow described a surgical procedure to relieve the obstruction
<ref name="pmid13772904">{{cite journal| author=MORROW AG, BROCKENBROUGH EC| title=Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: technic and hemodynamic results of subaortic ventriculomyotomy. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1961 | volume= 154 | issue=  | pages= 181-9 | pmid=13772904 | doi=10.1097/00000658-196108000-00003 | pmc=1465878 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13772904  }} </ref> which is still the most widely use method of surgical treatment.
 
 
in 1962 Given the intensification of obstruction with the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol
<ref name="pmid14015086">{{cite journal| author=BRAUNWALD E, EBERT PA| title=Hemogynamic alterations in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis induced by sympathomimetic drugs. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1962 | volume= 10 | issue=  | pages= 489-95 | pmid=14015086 | doi=10.1016/0002-9149(62)90373-9 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14015086  }} </ref>
the use of newly developed beta-blockers. In 1964 we reported their beneficial hemodynamic effects
<ref name="pmid14105035">{{cite journal| author=HARRISON DC, BRAUNWALD E, GLICK G, MASON DT, CHIDSEY CA, ROSS J| title=EFFECTS OF BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON THE CIRCULATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO OBSERVATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS. | journal=Circulation | year= 1964 | volume= 29 | issue=  | pages= 84-98 | pmid=14105035 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.29.1.84 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14105035  }} </ref>
1967 the clinical benefits of treatment with betablockers<ref name="pmid6067064">{{cite journal| author=Cohen LS, Braunwald E| title=Amelioration of angina pectoris in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with beta-adrenergic blockade. | journal=Circulation | year= 1967 | volume= 35 | issue= 5 | pages= 847-51 | pmid=6067064 | doi=10.1161/01.cir.35.5.847 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6067064  }} </ref>
<ref name="pmid20559993">{{cite journal| author=Braunwald E| title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the early years. | journal=J Cardiovasc Transl Res | year= 2009 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 341-8 | pmid=20559993 | doi=10.1007/s12265-009-9128-3 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20559993  }} </ref>
<ref name="pmid25610836">{{cite journal| author=Braunwald E| title=Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The first century 1869-1969. | journal=Glob Cardiol Sci Pract | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue= 1 | pages= 5 | pmid=25610836 | doi=10.5339/gcsp.2012.5 | pmc=4239819 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25610836  }} </ref>
===Discovery===
* There is limited information about the historical perspective of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
OR
*Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was first discovered by [name of scientist], a [nationality + occupation], in [year]/during/following [event].
 
*The association between [important risk factor/cause] and Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was made in/during [year/event].
*In [year], [scientist] was the first to discover the association between [risk factor] and the development of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
*In [year], [gene] mutations were first implicated in the pathogenesis of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
 
===Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies===


===Impact on Cultural History===
===Impact on Cultural History===

Revision as of 15:32, 21 November 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Historical Perspective


Discovery

  • The first case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was discribed by in 1869 Henri Liouville in the Gazette Medecine Paris. He described a 75-year-old woman who developed worsening dyspnea over several days. On physical examination, she had a systolic heart murmur. She died shortly after presentation. Liouville H. Rétrécissement cardiaque sous aortique. Gazette Medecine Paris. 1869;24:161–163.
  • In 1907 Dr. A. Schmincke, a german pathologist, described two hearts with left ventricular hypertrophy; both came from women in their mid fifties. Schmincke A. Ueber linkseitige muskulose conustenosen. Deutsche Med Wochenschr. 1907;33:2082–2085.
  • Levy and von Glahn in 1944, from Colombia University in New York, published a series of cases which resembles HCM. Levy RL, von Glahn WC. Cardiac hypertrophy of unknown cause. A study of the clinical and pathologic features in ten adults. Am Heart J. 1944;28:714–741.
  • In 1949, William Evans, a London cardiologist, described familial occurrence of cardiac hypertrophy in a series of patients which were similar to those described in the paper by Levy and von Glahn. [1]
  • In 1961 Paré et al. reported thirty members of five generations of a French Canadian family in Quebec in whom the condition was inherited in an autosomal dominant manner.[2]
  • In 1958 Teare, an English pathologist, described eight cases of asymmetric cardiac muscle hypertrophy, he thought that they might be benign cardiac tumors. Seven of these caused sudden death in young adults. Teare named the condition “Asymetrical Hypertrophy of the Heart.”[3]
  • In 1959 Sir Russell Brock described a young man with angina and a subaortic stenosis and a subaortic intraventricular pressure gradient. He mentioned: “That this is not an isolated case is made clear by the experience of Dr. Glenn Morrow who tells me he has operated on two similar cases in two young men in their early twenties; both survived. He has kindly allowed me to mention these prior to his own report of them (Morrow and Braunwald, Circulation, in press, 1959)." [4]
  • Morrow and Braunwald published their first report in the same year, followed by several other reports. [5]

Landmark Events in the Development of Treatment Strategies

  • In 1961, Morrow described a surgical procedure to relieve the obstruction,[6] which is still the most widely used method of surgical treatment.
  • In 1962, with respect to the observed intensification of obstruction in HCM with the beta-adrenergic agonists,[7] Braunwald suggested the use of newly developed beta-blockers.
  • In 1964, Braunwald reported beta-blockers beneficial hemodynamic effects.[8]
  • In 1967, the clinical benefits of treatment with betablockers in patients with HCM has been proved to the scientific society. [9][10][11]

Impact on Cultural History

Famous Cases

The following are a few famous cases of Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy:

References

  1. ↑ EVANS W (1949). "Familial cardiomegaly". Br Heart J. 11 (1): 68–82. doi:10.1136/hrt.11.1.68. PMC 503618. PMID 18113470.
  2. ↑ PARE JA, FRASER RG, PIROZYNSKI WJ, SHANKS JA, STUBINGTON D (1961). "Hereditary cardiovascular dysplasia. A form of familial cardiomyopathy". Am J Med. 31: 37–62. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(61)90222-4. PMID 13732753.
  3. ↑ TEARE D (1958). "Asymmetrical hypertrophy of the heart in young adults". Br Heart J. 20 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1136/hrt.20.1.1. PMC 492780. PMID 13499764.
  4. ↑ BROCK R (1959). "Functional obstruction of the left ventricle (acquired aortic subvalvar stenosis)". Guys Hosp Rep. 108: 126–43. PMID 13804574.
  5. ↑ MORROW AG, BRAUNWALD E (1959). "Functional aortic stenosis; a malformation characterized by resistance to left ventricular outflow without anatomic obstruction". Circulation. 20 (2): 181–9. doi:10.1161/01.cir.20.2.181. PMID 13671704.
  6. ↑ MORROW AG, BROCKENBROUGH EC (1961). "Surgical treatment of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis: technic and hemodynamic results of subaortic ventriculomyotomy". Ann Surg. 154: 181–9. doi:10.1097/00000658-196108000-00003. PMC 1465878. PMID 13772904.
  7. ↑ BRAUNWALD E, EBERT PA (1962). "Hemogynamic alterations in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis induced by sympathomimetic drugs". Am J Cardiol. 10: 489–95. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(62)90373-9. PMID 14015086.
  8. ↑ HARRISON DC, BRAUNWALD E, GLICK G, MASON DT, CHIDSEY CA, ROSS J (1964). "EFFECTS OF BETA ADRENERGIC BLOCKADE ON THE CIRCULATION WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO OBSERVATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC SUBAORTIC STENOSIS". Circulation. 29: 84–98. doi:10.1161/01.cir.29.1.84. PMID 14105035.
  9. ↑ Cohen LS, Braunwald E (1967). "Amelioration of angina pectoris in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with beta-adrenergic blockade". Circulation. 35 (5): 847–51. doi:10.1161/01.cir.35.5.847. PMID 6067064.
  10. ↑ Braunwald E (2009). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the early years". J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2 (4): 341–8. doi:10.1007/s12265-009-9128-3. PMID 20559993.
  11. ↑ Braunwald E (2012). "Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The first century 1869-1969". Glob Cardiol Sci Pract. 2012 (1): 5. doi:10.5339/gcsp.2012.5. PMC 4239819. PMID 25610836.

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