Tuberculous pericarditis epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
Tuberculous pericarditis is found in approximately 1-2% of patients with [[pulmonary tuberculosis]]<ref name="pmid2046135">{{cite journal| author=Fowler NO| title=Tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=JAMA | year= 1991 | volume= 266 | issue= 1 | pages= 99-103 | pmid=2046135 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid7377888">{{cite journal| author=Larrieu AJ, Tyers GF, Williams EH, Derrick JR| title=Recent experience with tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1980 | volume= 29 | issue= 5 | pages= 464-8 | pmid=7377888 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>. It is the most common cause of pericarditis in Africa and other developing countries where TB is a major public health problem<ref>Mayosi BM, Volmink JA, Commerford PJ. Pericardial disease: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. In: Yusuf S, Cairns JA, Camm AJ, Fallen BJ, eds. Evidence-Based Cardiology. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2003: 735–748.</ref>. The incidence is increasing rapidly in the presence of [[HIV]]<ref name="pmid1967676">{{cite journal| author=Cegielski JP, Ramiya K, Lallinger GJ, Mtulia IA, Mbaga IM| title=Pericardial disease and human immunodeficiency virus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | journal=Lancet | year= 1990 | volume= 335 | issue= 8683 | pages= 209-12 | pmid=1967676 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>.  
Tuberculous pericarditis is found in approximately 1-2% of patients with [[pulmonary tuberculosis]] It is the most common cause of pericarditis in Africa and other developing countries where TB is a major public health problem<ref>Mayosi BM, Volmink JA, Commerford PJ. Pericardial disease: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. In: Yusuf S, Cairns JA, Camm AJ, Fallen BJ, eds. Evidence-Based Cardiology. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2003: 735–748.</ref>. The incidence is increasing rapidly in the presence of [[HIV]]<ref name="pmid1967676">{{cite journal| author=Cegielski JP, Ramiya K, Lallinger GJ, Mtulia IA, Mbaga IM| title=Pericardial disease and human immunodeficiency virus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. | journal=Lancet | year= 1990 | volume= 335 | issue= 8683 | pages= 209-12 | pmid=1967676 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>.  


In a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, tuberculous pericarditis was noted in 69.5% of patients who were referred for diagnostic [[pericardiocentesis]]. It should noted that one half of the patients were infected with [[HIV]]<ref name="pmid15962545">{{cite journal| author=Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF| title=Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2005 | volume= 133 | issue= 3 | pages= 393-9 | pmid=15962545 | doi= | pmc=PMC2870262 | url= }} </ref>. In contrast, the incidence of tuberculous pericarditis is 4% in developed countries<ref name="pmid3351140">{{cite journal| author=Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J| title=Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 724-8 | pmid=3351140 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3351140  }} </ref>.
In a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, tuberculous pericarditis was noted in 69.5% of patients who were referred for diagnostic [[pericardiocentesis]]. It should noted that one half of the patients were infected with [[HIV]]<ref name="pmid15962545">{{cite journal| author=Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF| title=Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2005 | volume= 133 | issue= 3 | pages= 393-9 | pmid=15962545 | doi= | pmc=PMC2870262 | url= }} </ref>. In contrast, the incidence of tuberculous pericarditis is 4% in developed countries<ref name="pmid3351140">{{cite journal| author=Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J| title=Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 1988 | volume= 11 | issue= 4 | pages= 724-8 | pmid=3351140 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3351140  }} </ref>.


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
===Incidence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
===Prevalence===
===Prevalence===
*The incidence/prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of tuberculous pericarditis is approximately 1-2% of patients with [[pulmonary tuberculosis]].<ref name="pmid2046135">{{cite journal| author=Fowler NO| title=Tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=JAMA | year= 1991 | volume= 266 | issue= 1 | pages= 99-103 | pmid=2046135 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref><ref name="pmid7377888">{{cite journal| author=Larrieu AJ, Tyers GF, Williams EH, Derrick JR| title=Recent experience with tuberculous pericarditis. | journal=Ann Thorac Surg | year= 1980 | volume= 29 | issue= 5 | pages= 464-8 | pmid=7377888 | doi= | pmc= | url= }} </ref>
*In [year], the incidence/prevalence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number range] cases per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
*The prevalence of [disease/malignancy] is estimated to be [number] cases annually.


===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate===
Line 24: Line 18:


===Age===
===Age===
*Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
*Patients of all age groups may develop tuberculous pericarditis.
*The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
*The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis increases with age.
*[Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
*Tuberculous pericarditis commonly affects elderly
*[Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
*[Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].


===Race===
===Race===
*There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
 
*[Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
*Tuberculous pericarditis usually affects individuals of the black race.
 
===Gender===
===Gender===
*[Disease name] affects men and women equally.
 
*[Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
*Men are more commonly affected by tuberculous pericarditis than female.


===Region===
===Region===

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Varun Kumar, M.B.B.S.; Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, M.B.B.S.

Epidemiology and Demographics

Tuberculous pericarditis is found in approximately 1-2% of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis It is the most common cause of pericarditis in Africa and other developing countries where TB is a major public health problem[1]. The incidence is increasing rapidly in the presence of HIV[2].

In a study in Western Cape Province of South Africa, tuberculous pericarditis was noted in 69.5% of patients who were referred for diagnostic pericardiocentesis. It should noted that one half of the patients were infected with HIV[3]. In contrast, the incidence of tuberculous pericarditis is 4% in developed countries[4].

Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate

  • In [year], the incidence of [disease name] is approximately [number range] per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [number range]%.
  • The case-fatality rate/mortality rate of [disease name] is approximately [number range].

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop tuberculous pericarditis.
  • The incidence of tuberculous pericarditis increases with age.
  • Tuberculous pericarditis commonly affects elderly

Race

  • Tuberculous pericarditis usually affects individuals of the black race.

Gender

  • Men are more commonly affected by tuberculous pericarditis than female.

Region

  • The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
  • [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].

Developed Countries

Developing Countries

References

  1. Mayosi BM, Volmink JA, Commerford PJ. Pericardial disease: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. In: Yusuf S, Cairns JA, Camm AJ, Fallen BJ, eds. Evidence-Based Cardiology. 2nd ed. London: BMJ Books; 2003: 735–748.
  2. Cegielski JP, Ramiya K, Lallinger GJ, Mtulia IA, Mbaga IM (1990). "Pericardial disease and human immunodeficiency virus in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania". Lancet. 335 (8683): 209–12. PMID 1967676.
  3. Reuter H, Burgess LJ, Doubell AF (2005). "Epidemiology of pericardial effusions at a large academic hospital in South Africa". Epidemiol Infect. 133 (3): 393–9. PMC 2870262. PMID 15962545.
  4. Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J (1988). "Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment". J Am Coll Cardiol. 11 (4): 724–8. PMID 3351140.
  5. Fowler NO (1991). "Tuberculous pericarditis". JAMA. 266 (1): 99–103. PMID 2046135.
  6. Larrieu AJ, Tyers GF, Williams EH, Derrick JR (1980). "Recent experience with tuberculous pericarditis". Ann Thorac Surg. 29 (5): 464–8. PMID 7377888.

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