Patent ductus arteriosus epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Prevalence=== | ===Prevalence=== | ||
*The PDA is commonly found in [[infant]]s and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults. | *The PDA is commonly found in [[infant]]s and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults.<ref name="El Hajjar2005">{{cite journal|last1=El Hajjar|first1=M|title=Severity of the ductal shunt: a comparison of different markers|journal=Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition|volume=90|issue=5|year=2005|pages=F419–F422|issn=1359-2998|doi=10.1136/adc.2003.027698}}</ref> | ||
*It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases. | *It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases. | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births. | *In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births.<ref name="Clyman2000">{{cite journal|last1=Clyman|first1=Ronald I.|title=Ibuprofen and Patent Ductus Arteriosus|journal=New England Journal of Medicine|volume=343|issue=10|year=2000|pages=728–730|issn=0028-4793|doi=10.1056/NEJM200009073431009}}</ref> | ||
*The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the [[premature]] infants. | *The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the [[premature]] infants. | ||
*The incidence is greater in children who are born- | *The incidence is greater in children who are born:<ref name="pmid7671547">{{cite journal| author=Hammerman C| title=Patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical relevance of prostaglandins and prostaglandin inhibitors in PDA pathophysiology and treatment. | journal=Clin Perinatol | year= 1995 | volume= 22 | issue= 2 | pages= 457-79 | pmid=7671547 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7671547 }}</ref> | ||
**Prematurely, with a history of [[perinatal asphyxia]]. Perinatal asphyxia delays the closure of the ductus. Approximately, 20% of neonates with [[respiratory distress syndrome]] have a patent ductus arteriosus. In babies who are less than 1500 g at [[birth]], many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both [[hypoxia]] in babies with [[respiratory distress]] and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies. | **Prematurely, with a history of [[perinatal asphyxia]]. Perinatal asphyxia delays the closure of the ductus. Approximately, 20% of neonates with [[respiratory distress syndrome]] have a patent ductus arteriosus. In babies who are less than 1500 g at [[birth]], many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both [[hypoxia]] in babies with [[respiratory distress]] and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies. | ||
**Increased incidences in infants with [[congenital rubella]]. | **Increased incidences in infants with [[congenital rubella]]. | ||
Revision as of 21:32, 16 February 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2], Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [3], Assistant Editor-In-Chief: Kristin Feeney, B.S. [4]
Overview
The PDA is commonly found in infants and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults. The incidence is greater is in children who are born prematurely with history of perinatal asphyxia and infants with congenital rubella.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- The PDA is commonly found in infants and constitutes only 2% of all congenital defects found in adults.[1]
- It is an isolated defect in 75% of cases, and is isolated in almost all adult cases.
Incidence
- In the United States, the estimated incidence in children born at term is between 0.02% and 0.06% of live births.[2]
- The incidence of patent ductus arteriosus has increased over the past few decades. This is in part due to increased survival in the premature infants.
- The incidence is greater in children who are born:[3]
- Prematurely, with a history of perinatal asphyxia. Perinatal asphyxia delays the closure of the ductus. Approximately, 20% of neonates with respiratory distress syndrome have a patent ductus arteriosus. In babies who are less than 1500 g at birth, many studies show the incidence of a PDA to exceed 30%. The increased patency in these groups is thought to be due to both hypoxia in babies with respiratory distress and immature ductal closure mechanisms in premature babies.
- Increased incidences in infants with congenital rubella.
- Children born at high altitude.
Gender
- The female-to-male ratio is 3:1
References
- ↑ El Hajjar, M (2005). "Severity of the ductal shunt: a comparison of different markers". Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition. 90 (5): F419–F422. doi:10.1136/adc.2003.027698. ISSN 1359-2998.
- ↑ Clyman, Ronald I. (2000). "Ibuprofen and Patent Ductus Arteriosus". New England Journal of Medicine. 343 (10): 728–730. doi:10.1056/NEJM200009073431009. ISSN 0028-4793.
- ↑ Hammerman C (1995). "Patent ductus arteriosus. Clinical relevance of prostaglandins and prostaglandin inhibitors in PDA pathophysiology and treatment". Clin Perinatol. 22 (2): 457–79. PMID 7671547.