Sudden infant death syndrome diagnostic study of choice: Difference between revisions
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* ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following: | * ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following: | ||
** Skin colour | **'''[[Skin colour]]''' changes which include: | ||
** Cyanosis | ***'''[[Cyanosis]]''' | ||
** Pallor | ***'''[[Pallor]]''' | ||
** Erythema | ***'''[[Erythema]]''' | ||
** Muscle tone | **'''Muscle tone''' either increased or decreased | ||
** Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Choking]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Barium studies | ***Barium studies | ||
***Observation | ***Observation | ||
** Gasping | ** Gasping | ||
** Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing CBC | **'''[[Anemia]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing [[complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) | ||
** Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Apnea]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
*** Continuous pulse oximetry | *** Continuous pulse oximetry | ||
*** Sleep study | *** Sleep study | ||
**Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing Electrocardiography (ECG) | **'''[[Long QT syndrome]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing Electrocardiography (ECG) | ||
**If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm: | **If suspected any '''[[Upper respiratory tract|upper respiratory]] problems''' like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm: | ||
***Chest radiography | ***Chest radiography | ||
***Pulse oximetry | ***Pulse oximetry | ||
***Respiratory syncytial virus | ***Respiratory syncytial virus | ||
***Pertussis culture | ***Pertussis culture | ||
**Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]''' ([[Gastroesophageal reflux disease|GERD]]) if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Barium studies | ***Barium studies | ||
***Radioisotope scan | ***Radioisotope scan | ||
**Infection if suspected, evaluate by doing: | **'''[[Infection]]''' if suspected, evaluate by doing: | ||
***Blood gas analysis (BGA) | ***Blood gas analysis (BGA) | ||
***Blood lactate level | ***Blood lactate level | ||
***CBC | ***[[Complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) | ||
***Chest x-ray | ***Chest x-ray | ||
***Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF) | ***Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis ([[CSF]]) | ||
***Serum electrolytes | ***Serum electrolytes | ||
***Urinalysis | ***Urinalysis | ||
OR | OR | ||
Revision as of 20:44, 15 May 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
There is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Diagnostic Study of Choice
Study of choice
- The big issue with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is that there is no single diagnostic test for the diagnosis of the sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).[1]
- SIDS is mostly diagnosed with the process of elimination of the other possible causes of the death in the infant.
- Investigation of SIDS include the following:[2][3]
- An autopsy
- Scene investigation and circumstances of the death
- Exploration of the medical history of the infant and family
Apparent Life-Threatening Events (ALTEs) may be helpful in evaluating for SIDS:[4]
- ALTEs can be found approximately in 1 of 400 infants
- ALTEs incules apneic episodes along with changes in the following:
- Skin colour changes which include:
- Muscle tone either increased or decreased
- Choking if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Observation
- Gasping
- Anemia if suspected, evaluate by doing complete blood count (CBC)
- Apnea if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Continuous pulse oximetry
- Sleep study
- Long QT syndrome if suspected, evaluate by doing Electrocardiography (ECG)
- If suspected any upper respiratory problems like bronchiolitis, pertussis, or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) do the following to confirm:
- Chest radiography
- Pulse oximetry
- Respiratory syncytial virus
- Pertussis culture
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Barium studies
- Radioisotope scan
- Infection if suspected, evaluate by doing:
- Blood gas analysis (BGA)
- Blood lactate level
- Complete blood count (CBC)
- Chest x-ray
- Lumbar puncture (LP) with cerebrospinal fluid analysis (CSF)
- Serum electrolytes
- Urinalysis
OR
The following result of [gold standard test] is confirmatory of [disease name]:
- [Result 1]
- [Result 2]
OR
[Name of the investigation] must be performed when:
- The patient presents with [symptom/sign 1], [symptom/sign 2], and [symptom/sign 3].
- A [name of test] is positive for [sign 1], [sign 2], and [sign 3] in the patient.
OR
[Name of the investigation] is the gold standard test for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
The diagnostic study of choice for [disease name] is [name of the investigation].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for the diagnosis of [disease name], but [disease name] can be diagnosed based on [name of the investigation 1] and [name of the investigation 2].
OR
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on the clinical presentation.
OR
Investigations:
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most specific test for the diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most sensitive test for diagnosis.
- Among the patients who present with clinical signs of [disease name], the [investigation name] is the most efficient test for diagnosis.
The comparison of various diagnostic studies for [disease name]
| Test | Sensitivity | Specificity |
|---|---|---|
| Test 1 | ...% | ...% |
| Test 2 | ...% | ...% |
[Name of test with higher sensitivity and specificity] is the preferred investigation based on the sensitivity and specificity
Diagnostic results
The following finding(s) on performing [investigation name] is(are) confirmatory for [disease name]:
- [Finding 1]
- [Finding 2]
Sequence of Diagnostic Studies
The [name of investigation] must be performed when:
- The patient presented with symptoms/signs 1, 2, and 3 as the first step of diagnosis.
- A positive [test] is detected in the patient, to confirm the diagnosis.
OR
The various investigations must be performed in the following order:
- [Initial investigation]
- [2nd investigation]
Name of Diagnostic Criteria
It is recommended that you include the criteria in a table. Make sure you always cite the source of the content and whether the table has been adapted from another source.
[Disease name] is primarily diagnosed based on clinical presentation. There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
OR
There is no single diagnostic study of choice for [disease name], though [disease name] may be diagnosed based on [name of criteria] established by [...].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
[Disease name] may be diagnosed at any time if one or more of the following criteria are met:
- Criteria 1
- Criteria 2
- Criteria 3
OR
IF there are clear, established diagnostic criteria
The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1], [criterion 2], [criterion 3], and [criterion 4].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [criteria name] criteria, which include [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
The diagnosis of [disease name] is based on the [definition name] definition, which includes [criterion 1], [criterion 2], and [criterion 3].
OR
IF there are no established diagnostic criteria
There are no established criteria for the diagnosis of [disease name].
References
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035964.
- ↑ Guffanti S, Grancini F, Scalfaro C, Podestà AF (2004). "[Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)]". Pediatr Med Chir. 26 (2): 96–104. PMID 15700732.
- ↑ Duncan JR, Byard RW (2018). "SIDS Sudden Infant and Early Childhood Death: The Past, the Present and the Future". PMID 30035958.
- ↑ Kiechl-Kohlendorfer U, Hof D, Peglow UP, Traweger-Ravanelli B, Kiechl S (2005). "Epidemiology of apparent life threatening events". Arch Dis Child. 90 (3): 297–300. doi:10.1136/adc.2004.049452. PMC 1720328. PMID 15723922.