Sandbox:Rina Ghorpade

Clinical Features

Features	Port-wine stain	Salmon patch	Infantile hemangioma
Other names	Nevus flammeus	Navus simplex Stroke bite Angle kiss Macular stain	Hemangioma
Pathology	Capillary malformation	Capillary malformation	Vasular tumors
Color	Pink to dark red Non-blanchable	Pink red patches Blanchable	Bright red Raised plaques
Distribution	Respects midline Occurs on one side of face	Eyelid Glabella Nape of the nack Scalp Lips	Can occur anywhere in the skin, mucous membrane, or internal organs.
Age at presentation	Present at birth	Present at birth	Not present at birth, but usually occur within a few months of life.
Progression	Do not regress Become more darker with age	Regresses within two years of life Lesions on the back of the neck may persist	Proliferation phase followed by involution
Association	Sturge-Weber syndrome Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome	Spinal dysraphism, Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome	PHACE syndrome [P: Posterior fossa brain malformation H: Hemangiomas A: Arterial abnormalities C: Cardiac anomalies, coarctation of aorta E: Endocrine and eye abnoramlities]

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as: [Differential dx1] [Differential dx2] [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide. In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location]. Age Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name]. [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old. [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children]. Gender [Disease name] affects men and women equally. [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1. Race There is no racial predilection for [disease name]. [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years]. Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3]. Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3]. Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis Diagnostic Criteria The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met: [criterion 1] [criterion 2] [criterion 3] [criterion 4] Symptoms [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic. Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following: [symptom 1] [symptom 2] [symptom 3] [symptom 4] [symptom 5] [symptom 6]

Physical Examination Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance]. Physical examination may be remarkable for: [finding 1] [finding 2] [finding 3] [finding 4] [finding 5] [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name]. A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name]. An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name]. Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name]. [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name]. On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3]. Other Diagnostic Studies [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name]. Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment Medical Therapy There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care. The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2]. [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1]. Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration]. Surgery Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name]. [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name]. [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name]. Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3]. Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].