C4 glomerulopathy overview: Difference between revisions
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==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
==Pathophysiology== | ==Pathophysiology== | ||
*The generation of the classical pathway of complement occurs by the immune complex. | |||
*Immune complex glomerulonephritis, such as lupus, frequently activates the classical pathway by binding C1q to the antibody-containing immune complexes, which can result in glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins, C3, C1q, and C4d. | |||
*C4 activation can also ensue by the lectin pathway of complement. | |||
*In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectins bind to mannose located on the carbohydrates structure or microbial membranes, which activate C4 (and therefore bypass C1q), resulting in the formation of the classical pathway C3 convertase. | |||
*Glomerular C4d, is a split creation of C4, is suggestive of C4 activation as a result of activation of either the lectin pathway of the classical complement pathway. | |||
*In C4 glomerulopathy, bright streak for C4d indicates mesangial/capillary wall deposits. C4d deposits are present in a few cases of IgA nephropathy and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. | |||
==Differential Diagnosis== | ==Differential Diagnosis== | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 15:39, 30 July 2020
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C4 glomerulopathy Microchapters |
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C4 glomerulopathy overview On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of C4 glomerulopathy overview |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for C4 glomerulopathy overview |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
- The generation of the classical pathway of complement occurs by the immune complex.
- Immune complex glomerulonephritis, such as lupus, frequently activates the classical pathway by binding C1q to the antibody-containing immune complexes, which can result in glomerular deposition of immunoglobulins, C3, C1q, and C4d.
- C4 activation can also ensue by the lectin pathway of complement.
- In the lectin pathway, mannose-binding lectins bind to mannose located on the carbohydrates structure or microbial membranes, which activate C4 (and therefore bypass C1q), resulting in the formation of the classical pathway C3 convertase.
- Glomerular C4d, is a split creation of C4, is suggestive of C4 activation as a result of activation of either the lectin pathway of the classical complement pathway.
- In C4 glomerulopathy, bright streak for C4d indicates mesangial/capillary wall deposits. C4d deposits are present in a few cases of IgA nephropathy and post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.