C4 glomerulopathy other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
A kidney biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of C4 glomerulopathy. Findings suggestive of C4 glomerulopathy include<ref name="pmid22435371">{{cite journal| author=Sethi S, Fervenza FC| title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis--a new look at an old entity. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 12 | pages= 1119-31 | pmid=22435371 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1108178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22435371 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22223606">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y, Meyer NC, Wang K, Nishimura C, Frees K, Jones M | display-authors=etal| title=Causes of alternative pathway dysregulation in dense deposit disease. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 265-74 | pmid=22223606 | doi=10.2215/CJN.07900811 | pmc=3280037 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22223606 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23176021">{{cite journal| author=Sahin OZ, Gurses S, Taslı F, Yavas H, Ersoy R, Uzum A | display-authors=etal| title=Glomerular c4d staining can be an indicator of disease activity in lupus nephritis. | journal=Ren Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 222-5 | pmid=23176021 | doi=10.3109/0886022X.2012.743916 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23176021 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24578331">{{cite journal| author=Espinosa M, Ortega R, Sánchez M, Segarra A, Salcedo MT, González F | display-authors=etal| title=Association of C4d deposition with clinical outcomes in IgA nephropathy. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 897-904 | pmid=24578331 | doi=10.2215/CJN.09710913 | pmc=4011455 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24578331 }} </ref>: | A kidney biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of C4 glomerulopathy. Findings suggestive of C4 glomerulopathy include<ref name="pmid22435371">{{cite journal| author=Sethi S, Fervenza FC| title=Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis--a new look at an old entity. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2012 | volume= 366 | issue= 12 | pages= 1119-31 | pmid=22435371 | doi=10.1056/NEJMra1108178 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22435371 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22223606">{{cite journal| author=Zhang Y, Meyer NC, Wang K, Nishimura C, Frees K, Jones M | display-authors=etal| title=Causes of alternative pathway dysregulation in dense deposit disease. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2012 | volume= 7 | issue= 2 | pages= 265-74 | pmid=22223606 | doi=10.2215/CJN.07900811 | pmc=3280037 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22223606 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23176021">{{cite journal| author=Sahin OZ, Gurses S, Taslı F, Yavas H, Ersoy R, Uzum A | display-authors=etal| title=Glomerular c4d staining can be an indicator of disease activity in lupus nephritis. | journal=Ren Fail | year= 2013 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 222-5 | pmid=23176021 | doi=10.3109/0886022X.2012.743916 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23176021 }} </ref><ref name="pmid24578331">{{cite journal| author=Espinosa M, Ortega R, Sánchez M, Segarra A, Salcedo MT, González F | display-authors=etal| title=Association of C4d deposition with clinical outcomes in IgA nephropathy. | journal=Clin J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2014 | volume= 9 | issue= 5 | pages= 897-904 | pmid=24578331 | doi=10.2215/CJN.09710913 | pmc=4011455 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=24578331 }} </ref><ref name="pmid25991041">{{cite journal| author=Sethi S, Nasr SH, De Vriese AS, Fervenza FC| title=C4d as a Diagnostic Tool in Proliferative GN. | journal=J Am Soc Nephrol | year= 2015 | volume= 26 | issue= 11 | pages= 2852-9 | pmid=25991041 | doi=10.1681/ASN.2014040406 | pmc=4625660 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25991041 }} </ref>: | ||
*Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity. | *Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity. | ||
*The glomerular capillary walls thickening. | *The glomerular capillary walls thickening. | ||
Revision as of 03:42, 1 August 2020
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Ali Poyan Mehr, M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Olufunmilola Olubukola M.D.[3]
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
A kidney biopsy may be helpful in the diagnosis of C4 glomerulopathy. Findings suggestive of C4 glomerulopathy include[1][2][3][4][5]:
- Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, with mesangial and endocapillary hypercellularity.
- The glomerular capillary walls thickening.
- Periodic acid–Schiff stain finding of ribbonlike material on the glomerular basement membrane.
- Immunofluorescence microscopy indicates no glomerular staining for IgA, IgM, IgG, C3, C1q, kappa or lambda light chains.
- Electron microscopy is favorable for large subendothelial osmiophilic dense deposits lining the glomerular basement membrane.
- C4d glomerular staining help as a marker for immune complex-mediated glomerulonephritis.
- Positive C4d can also assist as a marker for glomerulopathy resulting from activation of the Lectin pathway.
References
- ↑ Sethi S, Fervenza FC (2012). "Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis--a new look at an old entity". N Engl J Med. 366 (12): 1119–31. doi:10.1056/NEJMra1108178. PMID 22435371.
- ↑ Zhang Y, Meyer NC, Wang K, Nishimura C, Frees K, Jones M; et al. (2012). "Causes of alternative pathway dysregulation in dense deposit disease". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 7 (2): 265–74. doi:10.2215/CJN.07900811. PMC 3280037. PMID 22223606.
- ↑ Sahin OZ, Gurses S, Taslı F, Yavas H, Ersoy R, Uzum A; et al. (2013). "Glomerular c4d staining can be an indicator of disease activity in lupus nephritis". Ren Fail. 35 (2): 222–5. doi:10.3109/0886022X.2012.743916. PMID 23176021.
- ↑ Espinosa M, Ortega R, Sánchez M, Segarra A, Salcedo MT, González F; et al. (2014). "Association of C4d deposition with clinical outcomes in IgA nephropathy". Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 9 (5): 897–904. doi:10.2215/CJN.09710913. PMC 4011455. PMID 24578331.
- ↑ Sethi S, Nasr SH, De Vriese AS, Fervenza FC (2015). "C4d as a Diagnostic Tool in Proliferative GN". J Am Soc Nephrol. 26 (11): 2852–9. doi:10.1681/ASN.2014040406. PMC 4625660. PMID 25991041.