Renal agenesis physical examination: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
No edit summary |
No edit summary |
||
| Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
== Physical Examination == | == Physical Examination == | ||
URA have an increased incidence of proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. Therefore, patients, even those with normal | Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) have an increased incidence of [[proteinuria]], [[hypertension]], and [[renal insufficiency]]. Therefore, patients, even those with normal solitary kidney, should be followed up with:<ref name="pmid1457321">{{cite journal| author=Argueso LR, Ritchey ML, Boyle ET, Milliner DS, Bergstralh EJ, Kramer SA| title=Prognosis of patients with unilateral renal agenesis. | journal=Pediatr Nephrol | year= 1992 | volume= 6 | issue= 5 | pages= 412-6 | pmid=1457321 | doi=10.1007/BF00873996 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1457321 }} </ref><ref name="pmid30734167">{{cite journal| author=Xu Q, Wu H, Zhou L, Xie J, Zhang W, Yu H | display-authors=etal| title=The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with unilateral renal agenesis. | journal=Clin Exp Nephrol | year= 2019 | volume= 23 | issue= 6 | pages= 792-798 | pmid=30734167 | doi=10.1007/s10157-019-01704-x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=30734167 }} </ref> | ||
* Blood pressure | *[[Blood pressure]] | ||
** Check for hypertension | ** Check for [[hypertension]] | ||
* Urinalysis | * Urinalysis | ||
** | **[[Proteinuria]] | ||
** Hematuria | **[[Hematuria]] | ||
** Renal insufficiency | **[[Renal insufficiency]] | ||
** Hyperuricemia | **[[Hyperuricemia]] | ||
URA may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and malformations. Therefore, screening and checking for other contralateral congenital anomaly of kidney or urinary tract (CAKUT) and extra-renal anomalies should be considered when URA is diagnosed. | URA may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and malformations. Therefore, screening and checking for other contralateral [[Congenital disorder|congenital]] [[anomaly]] of [[kidney]] or [[Urinary system|urinary tract]] (CAKUT) and extra-renal [[Anomaly|anomalies]] should be considered when URA is diagnosed. Some of the findings that may be important to consider in the [[Physical examination|physical exam]] of URA include:<ref name="pmid28722320">{{cite journal| author=Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, Lémery D, Francannet C, Quistrebert J | display-authors=etal| title=Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries. | journal=Birth Defects Res | year= 2017 | volume= 109 | issue= 15 | pages= 1204-1211 | pmid=28722320 | doi=10.1002/bdr2.1065 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28722320 }} </ref><ref name="pmid23449343">{{cite journal| author=Westland R, Schreuder MF, Ket JC, van Wijk JA| title=Unilateral renal agenesis: a systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury. | journal=Nephrol Dial Transplant | year= 2013 | volume= 28 | issue= 7 | pages= 1844-55 | pmid=23449343 | doi=10.1093/ndt/gft012 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23449343 }} </ref> | ||
* Urinary tract | * Urinary tract | ||
** Associated CAKUT | ** Associated CAKUT | ||
*** VUR | ***[[Vesicoureteral reflux|VUR (vesicoureteral reflux)]] | ||
*** PUJO | *** PUJO (pelviureteric junction obstruction) | ||
*** PUV | ***[[Posterior urethral valves|PUV (posterior urethral valves)]] | ||
*** Duplex kidney | *** Duplex kidney | ||
*** Ureterocele | ***[[Ureterocele]] | ||
*** Megaureter | ***[[Megaureter]] | ||
** Urinary tract infection | **[[Urinary tract infection]] | ||
* Associated extra-renal anomalies | * Associated extra-renal [[Anomaly|anomalies]] | ||
** Skull | **[[Skull]] | ||
** Spine | **** Dysraphism parieto-occipital | ||
** Skeleton | **** [[Macrocephaly]] | ||
** Face | **** [[Anencephaly]] | ||
** Thorax | |||
** Heart | *** | ||
** Lung | **[[Vertebral column|Spine]] | ||
** Genital | **** [[Spina bifida]] | ||
**** Hemivertebra | |||
**** [[Coccyx|Coccygeal]] congenital fistula | |||
**** [[Caudal regression syndrome|Caudal regression]] | |||
**** <br /> | |||
**[[Skeleton]] | |||
**** Radial agenesia | |||
**** Hexadactyly | |||
**** [[Club foot]] | |||
**** Limb [[anomaly]] <br /> | |||
**[[Face]] | |||
**** [[Dysmorphic feature|Dysmorphic]] | |||
**** [[Hypertelorism]] <br /> | |||
**[[Chest|Thorax]] | |||
**** [[Diaphragmatic hernia]] | |||
**** Thoracic [[Hemangioma|haemangioma]] <br /> | |||
**[[Heart]] | |||
**** [[Atrial septal defect|ASD]] | |||
**** [[Ventricular septal defect|VSD]] | |||
**** [[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]] | |||
**** [[Transposition of the great vessels|Transposition of great vessels]] | |||
**** [[Tetralogy of Fallot]] | |||
**** [[Patent ductus arteriosus]], <br /> | |||
**[[Lung]] | |||
**** Congenital lung cyst | |||
**** Agenesis of lung | |||
** [[Gastrointestinal tract]] | |||
*** [[Meckel's diverticulum|Meckel’s diverticulum]] | |||
*** [[Imperforate anus]] | |||
*** | |||
** Genital system | |||
*** Female tract anomalies | *** Female tract anomalies | ||
****Unicornate [[uterus]] | |||
****Developmental [[ovarian cyst]] | |||
*** [[Hypospadias]] | |||
*** [[Epispadias]] | |||
*** [[Intersexuality|Ambiguous genitalia]] | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 12:22, 1 August 2020
|
Renal agenesis Microchapters | |
|
Diagnosis | |
|---|---|
|
Treatment | |
|
Case Studies | |
|
Renal agenesis physical examination On the Web | |
|
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal agenesis physical examination | |
|
Risk calculators and risk factors for Renal agenesis physical examination | |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shakiba Hassanzadeh, MD[2]
Overview
Physical Examination
Unilateral renal agenesis (URA) have an increased incidence of proteinuria, hypertension, and renal insufficiency. Therefore, patients, even those with normal solitary kidney, should be followed up with:[1][2]
- Blood pressure
- Check for hypertension
- Urinalysis
URA may be isolated or associated with other anomalies and malformations. Therefore, screening and checking for other contralateral congenital anomaly of kidney or urinary tract (CAKUT) and extra-renal anomalies should be considered when URA is diagnosed. Some of the findings that may be important to consider in the physical exam of URA include:[3][4]
- Urinary tract
- Associated CAKUT
- VUR (vesicoureteral reflux)
- PUJO (pelviureteric junction obstruction)
- PUV (posterior urethral valves)
- Duplex kidney
- Ureterocele
- Megaureter
- Associated CAKUT
- Associated extra-renal anomalies
- Skull
- Dysraphism parieto-occipital
- Macrocephaly
- Anencephaly
- Skull
- Spine
- Spina bifida
- Hemivertebra
- Coccygeal congenital fistula
- Skeleton
- Face
- Thorax
- Diaphragmatic hernia
- Thoracic haemangioma
- Heart
- Lung
- Congenital lung cyst
- Agenesis of lung
- Genital system
- Female tract anomalies
- Unicornate uterus
- Developmental ovarian cyst
- Female tract anomalies
References
- ↑ Argueso LR, Ritchey ML, Boyle ET, Milliner DS, Bergstralh EJ, Kramer SA (1992). "Prognosis of patients with unilateral renal agenesis". Pediatr Nephrol. 6 (5): 412–6. doi:10.1007/BF00873996. PMID 1457321.
- ↑ Xu Q, Wu H, Zhou L, Xie J, Zhang W, Yu H; et al. (2019). "The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with unilateral renal agenesis". Clin Exp Nephrol. 23 (6): 792–798. doi:10.1007/s10157-019-01704-x. PMID 30734167.
- ↑ Laurichesse Delmas H, Kohler M, Doray B, Lémery D, Francannet C, Quistrebert J; et al. (2017). "Congenital unilateral renal agenesis: Prevalence, prenatal diagnosis, associated anomalies. Data from two birth-defect registries". Birth Defects Res. 109 (15): 1204–1211. doi:10.1002/bdr2.1065. PMID 28722320.
- ↑ Westland R, Schreuder MF, Ket JC, van Wijk JA (2013). "Unilateral renal agenesis: a systematic review on associated anomalies and renal injury". Nephrol Dial Transplant. 28 (7): 1844–55. doi:10.1093/ndt/gft012. PMID 23449343.