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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
The incidence of burn injury  is approximately 86%  of sustained burns/ scald (thermal) injuries, 4%sustained electrical burn injuries, and 3%remaining Are chemical.  <ref name="urlijmedph.org">{{cite web |url=http://ijmedph.org/sites/default/files/IntJMedPubHealth-10-2-54.pdf |title=ijmedph.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2012">Stamm O, Latscha U, Janecek P, Campana A (1976) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2012 Development of a special electrode for continuous subcutaneous pH measurement in the infant scalp.] ''Am J Obstet Gynecol'' 124 (2):193-5. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33297-5 DOI:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33297-5] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/Lancet . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1 Lancet . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1]</ref><ref name="urlBurn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430741/ |title=Burn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
The incidence of [[Burn (injury)|burn]] injury  is approximately 86%  of sustained [[burns]]/ scald (thermal) [[injuries]], 4%sustained [[electrical burn]] injuries, and 3%remaining Are [[chemical]].  <ref name="urlijmedph.org">{{cite web |url=http://ijmedph.org/sites/default/files/IntJMedPubHealth-10-2-54.pdf |title=ijmedph.org |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2012">Stamm O, Latscha U, Janecek P, Campana A (1976) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2012 Development of a special electrode for continuous subcutaneous pH measurement in the infant scalp.] ''Am J Obstet Gynecol'' 124 (2):193-5. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33297-5 DOI:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33297-5] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/Lancet . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1 Lancet . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1]</ref><ref name="urlBurn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430741/ |title=Burn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


In the 10 years from 2008 to 2017, the incidence in  the United States of burns is approximately 1,344,100 fires, resulting in deaths per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of  3190 civilian, 16,225 civilian injuries.
In the 10 years from 2008 to 2017, the incidence in  the United States of [[burns]] is approximately 1,344,100 fires, resulting in deaths per 100,000 individuals with a [[case-fatality rate]] of  3190 civilian, 16,225 civilian injuries.


Patients of all age groups may develop burns injury, but flame and scale burns it’s commonly affects individuals Children and younger(children younger than five years old are more often injured with scald burns) than/older(More adults are injured with flame burns ). it reported 122 case in this age.122 were aged between 16-35 yrs. 189 people who sustained burns/ scald injuries 33 were children aged 15 yrs. or less <ref name="pmid27733281">GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27733281 Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.] ''Lancet'' 388 (10053):1459-1544. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 27733281 PMID: 27733281]</ref>.
Patients of all age groups may develop [[burns]] injury, but [[flame]] and [[scale burns]] it’s commonly affects individuals Children and younger(children younger than five years old are more often injured with scald burns) than/older(More adults are injured with flame burns ). it reported 122 case in this age.122 were aged between 16-35 yrs. 189 people who sustained burns/ scald injuries 33 were children aged 15 yrs. or less <ref name="pmid27733281">GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27733281 Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.] ''Lancet'' 388 (10053):1459-1544. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 27733281 PMID: 27733281]</ref>.


There is no racial predilection to burn injury.
There is no racial predilection to [[Burn (injury)|burn]] injury.


Female <ref name="RibeiroJacobsen2008">{{cite journal|last1=Ribeiro|first1=Priscila S.|last2=Jacobsen|first2=Kathryn H.|last3=Mathers|first3=Colin D.|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|title=Priorities for women's health from the Global Burden of Disease study|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|volume=102|issue=1|year=2008|pages=82–90|issn=00207292|doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.01.025}}</ref>are more commonly affected by critical burn injury  than male (>25% body surface area) was statistically significant in adults<ref name="pmid27733282">GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27733282 Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.] ''Lancet'' 388 (10053):1545-1602. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 27733282 PMID: 27733282]</ref><ref name="HaagsmaGraetz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Haagsma|first1=Juanita A|last2=Graetz|first2=Nicholas|last3=Bolliger|first3=Ian|last4=Naghavi|first4=Mohsen|last5=Higashi|first5=Hideki|last6=Mullany|first6=Erin C|last7=Abera|first7=Semaw Ferede|last8=Abraham|first8=Jerry Puthenpurakal|last9=Adofo|first9=Koranteng|last10=Alsharif|first10=Ubai|last11=Ameh|first11=Emmanuel A|last12=Ammar|first12=Walid|last13=Antonio|first13=Carl Abelardo T|last14=Barrero|first14=Lope H|last15=Bekele|first15=Tolesa|last16=Bose|first16=Dipan|last17=Brazinova|first17=Alexandra|last18=Catalá-López|first18=Ferrán|last19=Dandona|first19=Lalit|last20=Dandona|first20=Rakhi|last21=Dargan|first21=Paul I|last22=De Leo|first22=Diego|last23=Degenhardt|first23=Louisa|last24=Derrett|first24=Sarah|last25=Dharmaratne|first25=Samath D|last26=Driscoll|first26=Tim R|last27=Duan|first27=Leilei|last28=Petrovich Ermakov|first28=Sergey|last29=Farzadfar|first29=Farshad|last30=Feigin|first30=Valery L|last31=Franklin|first31=Richard C|last32=Gabbe|first32=Belinda|last33=Gosselin|first33=Richard A|last34=Hafezi-Nejad|first34=Nima|last35=Hamadeh|first35=Randah Ribhi|last36=Hijar|first36=Martha|last37=Hu|first37=Guoqing|last38=Jayaraman|first38=Sudha P|last39=Jiang|first39=Guohong|last40=Khader|first40=Yousef Saleh|last41=Khan|first41=Ejaz Ahmad|last42=Krishnaswami|first42=Sanjay|last43=Kulkarni|first43=Chanda|last44=Lecky|first44=Fiona E|last45=Leung|first45=Ricky|last46=Lunevicius|first46=Raimundas|last47=Lyons|first47=Ronan Anthony|last48=Majdan|first48=Marek|last49=Mason-Jones|first49=Amanda J|last50=Matzopoulos|first50=Richard|last51=Meaney|first51=Peter A|last52=Mekonnen|first52=Wubegzier|last53=Miller|first53=Ted R|last54=Mock|first54=Charles N|last55=Norman|first55=Rosana E|last56=Orozco|first56=Ricardo|last57=Polinder|first57=Suzanne|last58=Pourmalek|first58=Farshad|last59=Rahimi-Movaghar|first59=Vafa|last60=Refaat|first60=Amany|last61=Rojas-Rueda|first61=David|last62=Roy|first62=Nobhojit|last63=Schwebel|first63=David C|last64=Shaheen|first64=Amira|last65=Shahraz|first65=Saeid|last66=Skirbekk|first66=Vegard|last67=Søreide|first67=Kjetil|last68=Soshnikov|first68=Sergey|last69=Stein|first69=Dan J|last70=Sykes|first70=Bryan L|last71=Tabb|first71=Karen M|last72=Temesgen|first72=Awoke Misganaw|last73=Tenkorang|first73=Eric Yeboah|last74=Theadom|first74=Alice M|last75=Tran|first75=Bach Xuan|last76=Vasankari|first76=Tommi J|last77=Vavilala|first77=Monica S|last78=Vlassov|first78=Vasiliy Victorovich|last79=Woldeyohannes|first79=Solomon Meseret|last80=Yip|first80=Paul|last81=Yonemoto|first81=Naohiro|last82=Younis|first82=Mustafa Z|last83=Yu|first83=Chuanhua|last84=Murray|first84=Christopher J L|last85=Vos|first85=Theo|last86=Balalla|first86=Shivanthi|last87=Phillips|first87=Michael R|title=The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013|journal=Injury Prevention|volume=22|issue=1|year=2016|pages=3–18|issn=1353-8047|doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616}}</ref><ref name="pmid23245604">Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V | display-authors=etal (2012) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245604 Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.] ''Lancet'' 380 (9859):2095-128. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0]</ref>
Female <ref name="RibeiroJacobsen2008">{{cite journal|last1=Ribeiro|first1=Priscila S.|last2=Jacobsen|first2=Kathryn H.|last3=Mathers|first3=Colin D.|last4=Garcia-Moreno|first4=Claudia|title=Priorities for women's health from the Global Burden of Disease study|journal=International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics|volume=102|issue=1|year=2008|pages=82–90|issn=00207292|doi=10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.01.025}}</ref>are more commonly affected by critical [[Burn (injury)|burn]] injury  than male (>25% body surface area) was [[statistically]] significant in adults<ref name="pmid27733282">GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2016) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27733282 Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.] ''Lancet'' 388 (10053):1545-1602. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 27733282 PMID: 27733282]</ref><ref name="HaagsmaGraetz2016">{{cite journal|last1=Haagsma|first1=Juanita A|last2=Graetz|first2=Nicholas|last3=Bolliger|first3=Ian|last4=Naghavi|first4=Mohsen|last5=Higashi|first5=Hideki|last6=Mullany|first6=Erin C|last7=Abera|first7=Semaw Ferede|last8=Abraham|first8=Jerry Puthenpurakal|last9=Adofo|first9=Koranteng|last10=Alsharif|first10=Ubai|last11=Ameh|first11=Emmanuel A|last12=Ammar|first12=Walid|last13=Antonio|first13=Carl Abelardo T|last14=Barrero|first14=Lope H|last15=Bekele|first15=Tolesa|last16=Bose|first16=Dipan|last17=Brazinova|first17=Alexandra|last18=Catalá-López|first18=Ferrán|last19=Dandona|first19=Lalit|last20=Dandona|first20=Rakhi|last21=Dargan|first21=Paul I|last22=De Leo|first22=Diego|last23=Degenhardt|first23=Louisa|last24=Derrett|first24=Sarah|last25=Dharmaratne|first25=Samath D|last26=Driscoll|first26=Tim R|last27=Duan|first27=Leilei|last28=Petrovich Ermakov|first28=Sergey|last29=Farzadfar|first29=Farshad|last30=Feigin|first30=Valery L|last31=Franklin|first31=Richard C|last32=Gabbe|first32=Belinda|last33=Gosselin|first33=Richard A|last34=Hafezi-Nejad|first34=Nima|last35=Hamadeh|first35=Randah Ribhi|last36=Hijar|first36=Martha|last37=Hu|first37=Guoqing|last38=Jayaraman|first38=Sudha P|last39=Jiang|first39=Guohong|last40=Khader|first40=Yousef Saleh|last41=Khan|first41=Ejaz Ahmad|last42=Krishnaswami|first42=Sanjay|last43=Kulkarni|first43=Chanda|last44=Lecky|first44=Fiona E|last45=Leung|first45=Ricky|last46=Lunevicius|first46=Raimundas|last47=Lyons|first47=Ronan Anthony|last48=Majdan|first48=Marek|last49=Mason-Jones|first49=Amanda J|last50=Matzopoulos|first50=Richard|last51=Meaney|first51=Peter A|last52=Mekonnen|first52=Wubegzier|last53=Miller|first53=Ted R|last54=Mock|first54=Charles N|last55=Norman|first55=Rosana E|last56=Orozco|first56=Ricardo|last57=Polinder|first57=Suzanne|last58=Pourmalek|first58=Farshad|last59=Rahimi-Movaghar|first59=Vafa|last60=Refaat|first60=Amany|last61=Rojas-Rueda|first61=David|last62=Roy|first62=Nobhojit|last63=Schwebel|first63=David C|last64=Shaheen|first64=Amira|last65=Shahraz|first65=Saeid|last66=Skirbekk|first66=Vegard|last67=Søreide|first67=Kjetil|last68=Soshnikov|first68=Sergey|last69=Stein|first69=Dan J|last70=Sykes|first70=Bryan L|last71=Tabb|first71=Karen M|last72=Temesgen|first72=Awoke Misganaw|last73=Tenkorang|first73=Eric Yeboah|last74=Theadom|first74=Alice M|last75=Tran|first75=Bach Xuan|last76=Vasankari|first76=Tommi J|last77=Vavilala|first77=Monica S|last78=Vlassov|first78=Vasiliy Victorovich|last79=Woldeyohannes|first79=Solomon Meseret|last80=Yip|first80=Paul|last81=Yonemoto|first81=Naohiro|last82=Younis|first82=Mustafa Z|last83=Yu|first83=Chuanhua|last84=Murray|first84=Christopher J L|last85=Vos|first85=Theo|last86=Balalla|first86=Shivanthi|last87=Phillips|first87=Michael R|title=The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013|journal=Injury Prevention|volume=22|issue=1|year=2016|pages=3–18|issn=1353-8047|doi=10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616}}</ref><ref name="pmid23245604">Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V | display-authors=etal (2012) [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23245604 Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.] ''Lancet'' 380 (9859):2095-128. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0] PMID: [https://pubmed.gov/PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0]</ref>


Burn injuries more commonly affect people of low and middle income and people in low-income countries<ref name="urlBurn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430741/ |title=Burn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>
[[Burn]] injuries more commonly affect people of low and middle income and people in low-income countries<ref name="urlBurn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf">{{cite web |url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430741/ |title=Burn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf |format= |work= |accessdate=}}</ref>


Pulmonary complications following burns and inhalation injury are responsible for up to 77 percent of the deaths, among which the majority are due to carbon monoxide poisoning<ref name="pmidPMID: 9449729">{{cite journal| author=Ryan CM, Schoenfeld DA, Thorpe WP, Sheridan RL, Cassem EH, Tompkins RG| title=Objective estimates of the probability of death from burn injuries. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 338 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=PMID: 9449729 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199802053380604 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9449729  }}</ref><ref name="pmid8577005">{{cite journal| author=Darling GE, Keresteci MA, Ibañez D, Pugash RA, Peters WJ, Neligan PC| title=Pulmonary complications in inhalation injuries with associated cutaneous burn. | journal=J Trauma | year= 1996 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 83-9 | pmid=8577005 | doi=10.1097/00005373-199601000-00016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8577005  }}</ref>. Inhalation injury is a common then  burn injury that tends to affect patient. The incidence of this injury  increases with age and size of the burn injury<ref name="pmid19826269">{{cite journal| author=Carr JA, Phillips BD, Bowling WM| title=The utility of bronchoscopy after inhalation injury complicated by pneumonia in burn patients: results from the National Burn Repository. | journal=J Burn Care Res | year= 2009 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 967-74 | pmid=19826269 | doi=10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181bfb77b | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19826269  }}</ref><ref name="pmid18786768">{{cite journal| author=Guo F, Chen XL, Wang YJ, Wang F, Chen XY, Sun YX| title=Management of burns of over 80% of total body surface area: a comparative study. | journal=Burns | year= 2009 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 210-4 | pmid=18786768 | doi=10.1016/j.burns.2008.05.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18786768  }}</ref> .In addition, inhalation injury has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality in burn<ref name="pmid3800465">{{cite journal| author=Shirani KZ, Pruitt BA, Mason AD| title=The influence of inhalation injury and pneumonia on burn mortality. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1987 | volume= 205 | issue= 1 | pages= 82-7 | pmid=3800465 | doi=10.1097/00000658-198701000-00015 | pmc=1492872 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3800465  }}</ref>.  
Pulmonary complications following [[burns]] and [[inhalation]] injury are responsible for up to 77 percent of the deaths, among which the majority are due to [[carbon monoxide poisoning]]<ref name="pmidPMID: 9449729">{{cite journal| author=Ryan CM, Schoenfeld DA, Thorpe WP, Sheridan RL, Cassem EH, Tompkins RG| title=Objective estimates of the probability of death from burn injuries. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1998 | volume= 338 | issue= 6 | pages= 362-6 | pmid=PMID: 9449729 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199802053380604 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9449729  }}</ref><ref name="pmid8577005">{{cite journal| author=Darling GE, Keresteci MA, Ibañez D, Pugash RA, Peters WJ, Neligan PC| title=Pulmonary complications in inhalation injuries with associated cutaneous burn. | journal=J Trauma | year= 1996 | volume= 40 | issue= 1 | pages= 83-9 | pmid=8577005 | doi=10.1097/00005373-199601000-00016 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8577005  }}</ref>. [[Inhalation]] injury is a common then  [[Burn (injury)|burn]] injury that tends to affect patient. The incidence of this injury  increases with age and size of the [[Burn (injury)|burn]] injury<ref name="pmid19826269">{{cite journal| author=Carr JA, Phillips BD, Bowling WM| title=The utility of bronchoscopy after inhalation injury complicated by pneumonia in burn patients: results from the National Burn Repository. | journal=J Burn Care Res | year= 2009 | volume= 30 | issue= 6 | pages= 967-74 | pmid=19826269 | doi=10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181bfb77b | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19826269  }}</ref><ref name="pmid18786768">{{cite journal| author=Guo F, Chen XL, Wang YJ, Wang F, Chen XY, Sun YX| title=Management of burns of over 80% of total body surface area: a comparative study. | journal=Burns | year= 2009 | volume= 35 | issue= 2 | pages= 210-4 | pmid=18786768 | doi=10.1016/j.burns.2008.05.021 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18786768  }}</ref> .In addition, [[inhalation]] injury has been shown to be an independent predictor of [[mortality]] in [[Burn (injury)|burn]]<ref name="pmid3800465">{{cite journal| author=Shirani KZ, Pruitt BA, Mason AD| title=The influence of inhalation injury and pneumonia on burn mortality. | journal=Ann Surg | year= 1987 | volume= 205 | issue= 1 | pages= 82-7 | pmid=3800465 | doi=10.1097/00000658-198701000-00015 | pmc=1492872 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3800465  }}</ref>.  


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 08:09, 9 December 2020

Eman Alademi, M.D.[1]


Epidemiology and Demographics

The incidence of burn injury is approximately 86% of sustained burns/ scald (thermal) injuries, 4%sustained electrical burn injuries, and 3%remaining Are chemical. [1][2][3]

In the 10 years from 2008 to 2017, the incidence in the United States of burns is approximately 1,344,100 fires, resulting in deaths per 100,000 individuals with a case-fatality rate of 3190 civilian, 16,225 civilian injuries.

Patients of all age groups may develop burns injury, but flame and scale burns it’s commonly affects individuals Children and younger(children younger than five years old are more often injured with scald burns) than/older(More adults are injured with flame burns ). it reported 122 case in this age.122 were aged between 16-35 yrs. 189 people who sustained burns/ scald injuries 33 were children aged 15 yrs. or less [4].

There is no racial predilection to burn injury.

Female [5]are more commonly affected by critical burn injury than male (>25% body surface area) was statistically significant in adults[6][7][8]

Burn injuries more commonly affect people of low and middle income and people in low-income countries[3]

Pulmonary complications following burns and inhalation injury are responsible for up to 77 percent of the deaths, among which the majority are due to carbon monoxide poisoning[9][10]. Inhalation injury is a common then burn injury that tends to affect patient. The incidence of this injury increases with age and size of the burn injury[11][12] .In addition, inhalation injury has been shown to be an independent predictor of mortality in burn[13].

References

  1. ↑ "ijmedph.org" (PDF).
  2. ↑ Stamm O, Latscha U, Janecek P, Campana A (1976) Development of a special electrode for continuous subcutaneous pH measurement in the infant scalp. Am J Obstet Gynecol 124 (2):193-5. DOI:10.1016/s0002-9378(16)33297-5 PMID: . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1 Lancet . 2012 Dec 15;380(9859):2095-128. doi: 10.1
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "Burn Evaluation And Management - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf".
  4. ↑ GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators (2016) Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388 (10053):1459-1544. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 PMID: 27733281 PMID: 27733281
  5. ↑ Ribeiro, Priscila S.; Jacobsen, Kathryn H.; Mathers, Colin D.; Garcia-Moreno, Claudia (2008). "Priorities for women's health from the Global Burden of Disease study". International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 102 (1): 82–90. doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.01.025. ISSN 0020-7292.
  6. ↑ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators (2016) Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet 388 (10053):1545-1602. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6 PMID: 27733282 PMID: 27733282
  7. ↑ Haagsma, Juanita A; Graetz, Nicholas; Bolliger, Ian; Naghavi, Mohsen; Higashi, Hideki; Mullany, Erin C; Abera, Semaw Ferede; Abraham, Jerry Puthenpurakal; Adofo, Koranteng; Alsharif, Ubai; Ameh, Emmanuel A; Ammar, Walid; Antonio, Carl Abelardo T; Barrero, Lope H; Bekele, Tolesa; Bose, Dipan; Brazinova, Alexandra; Catalá-López, Ferrán; Dandona, Lalit; Dandona, Rakhi; Dargan, Paul I; De Leo, Diego; Degenhardt, Louisa; Derrett, Sarah; Dharmaratne, Samath D; Driscoll, Tim R; Duan, Leilei; Petrovich Ermakov, Sergey; Farzadfar, Farshad; Feigin, Valery L; Franklin, Richard C; Gabbe, Belinda; Gosselin, Richard A; Hafezi-Nejad, Nima; Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi; Hijar, Martha; Hu, Guoqing; Jayaraman, Sudha P; Jiang, Guohong; Khader, Yousef Saleh; Khan, Ejaz Ahmad; Krishnaswami, Sanjay; Kulkarni, Chanda; Lecky, Fiona E; Leung, Ricky; Lunevicius, Raimundas; Lyons, Ronan Anthony; Majdan, Marek; Mason-Jones, Amanda J; Matzopoulos, Richard; Meaney, Peter A; Mekonnen, Wubegzier; Miller, Ted R; Mock, Charles N; Norman, Rosana E; Orozco, Ricardo; Polinder, Suzanne; Pourmalek, Farshad; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa; Refaat, Amany; Rojas-Rueda, David; Roy, Nobhojit; Schwebel, David C; Shaheen, Amira; Shahraz, Saeid; Skirbekk, Vegard; Søreide, Kjetil; Soshnikov, Sergey; Stein, Dan J; Sykes, Bryan L; Tabb, Karen M; Temesgen, Awoke Misganaw; Tenkorang, Eric Yeboah; Theadom, Alice M; Tran, Bach Xuan; Vasankari, Tommi J; Vavilala, Monica S; Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich; Woldeyohannes, Solomon Meseret; Yip, Paul; Yonemoto, Naohiro; Younis, Mustafa Z; Yu, Chuanhua; Murray, Christopher J L; Vos, Theo; Balalla, Shivanthi; Phillips, Michael R (2016). "The global burden of injury: incidence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years and time trends from the Global Burden of Disease study 2013". Injury Prevention. 22 (1): 3–18. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041616. ISSN 1353-8047.
  8. ↑ Lozano R, Naghavi M, Foreman K, Lim S, Shibuya K, Aboyans V | display-authors=etal (2012) Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380 (9859):2095-128. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0 PMID: 23245604 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61728-0
  9. ↑ Ryan CM, Schoenfeld DA, Thorpe WP, Sheridan RL, Cassem EH, Tompkins RG (1998). "Objective estimates of the probability of death from burn injuries". N Engl J Med. 338 (6): 362–6. doi:10.1056/NEJM199802053380604. PMID 9449729 PMID: 9449729 Check |pmid= value (help).
  10. ↑ Darling GE, Keresteci MA, Ibañez D, Pugash RA, Peters WJ, Neligan PC (1996). "Pulmonary complications in inhalation injuries with associated cutaneous burn". J Trauma. 40 (1): 83–9. doi:10.1097/00005373-199601000-00016. PMID 8577005.
  11. ↑ Carr JA, Phillips BD, Bowling WM (2009). "The utility of bronchoscopy after inhalation injury complicated by pneumonia in burn patients: results from the National Burn Repository". J Burn Care Res. 30 (6): 967–74. doi:10.1097/BCR.0b013e3181bfb77b. PMID 19826269.
  12. ↑ Guo F, Chen XL, Wang YJ, Wang F, Chen XY, Sun YX (2009). "Management of burns of over 80% of total body surface area: a comparative study". Burns. 35 (2): 210–4. doi:10.1016/j.burns.2008.05.021. PMID 18786768.
  13. ↑ Shirani KZ, Pruitt BA, Mason AD (1987). "The influence of inhalation injury and pneumonia on burn mortality". Ann Surg. 205 (1): 82–7. doi:10.1097/00000658-198701000-00015. PMC 1492872. PMID 3800465.

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