Hearing impairment classification: Difference between revisions
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|CHL occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the [[external ear|outer ear]] canal to the middle ear. | |CHL occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the [[external ear|outer ear]] canal to the middle ear due to any cause. | ||
|SNHL occurs when there's damage to the [[inner ear|internal ear]] or to the nerve pathways from the ear to the brain that is vestibulocochlear nerve or sensory relay center for auditory stimulus. So injury at the [[cochlea]] or proximal to the cochlea is termed as SNHL. | |SNHL occurs when there's damage to the [[inner ear|internal ear]] or to the nerve pathways from the ear to the brain that is vestibulocochlear nerve or sensory relay center for auditory stimulus. So injury at the [[cochlea]] or proximal to the cochlea is termed as SNHL. | ||
|Mixed HL is defined as CHL and SNHL. | |Mixed HL is defined as CHL and SNHL. | ||
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|CHL accounts for 90%–95% of all childhood HL. | |CHL accounts for 90%–95% of all childhood HL. | ||
|SNHL is | |SNHL is more common in adults. | ||
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*[[Autoimmune]]: Systemic diseases that cause hearing loss include [[Systemic lupus erythematosus CT|systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[myasthenia gravis]], and [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] | *[[Autoimmune]]: Systemic diseases that cause hearing loss include [[Systemic lupus erythematosus CT|systemic lupus erythematosus]], [[rheumatoid arthritis]], [[myasthenia gravis]], and [[Hashimoto's thyroiditis]] | ||
*[[Neoplastic]]: Direct compression of the cochlear nerve by the [[tumor]], occlusion or vascular compression of the [[Internal auditory artery|internal auditory]] artery, intratumor bleeding, internal auditory channel occlusion, and [[toxic substances]] produced by the tumor that | *[[Neoplastic]]: Direct compression of the cochlear nerve by the [[tumor]], occlusion or vascular compression of the [[Internal auditory artery|internal auditory]] artery, intratumor bleeding, internal auditory channel occlusion, and [[toxic substances]] produced by the tumor that result in degeneration of the inner ear. | ||
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Revision as of 07:10, 6 May 2021
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Hearing impairment On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
Hearing losses can be classified according to:[1]
- Laterality
- Symmetry
- Clinical characteristic (syndromic or not)
- Time of onset (congenital, perinatal, or postnatal)
- Hereditary (genetic or not)
- Time of manifestation (prelingual, perilingual, or post-lingual)
- Intensity (mild, moderate, severe, and profound)
| MILD | MODERATE | SEVERE | DISABLING | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HEARING LOSS | 26–40 dB HL | 41–60 dB HL | 61–80 dB HL | >80 dB HL |
| DESCRIPTION | Patient hears fine | Hear with some difficulty
People Mumble |
Difficulty in hearing | Patients rely on reading lips.
The term deaf is often used by persons with profound hearing loss with >80 dB HL. |
| INTERVENTION | Communication strategies | Communication strategies | Communication strategies
Cochlear implant |
Communication strategies |
| CONDUCTIVE | SENSORINEURAL | MIXED |
|---|---|---|
| CHL occurs when sound is not conducted efficiently through the outer ear canal to the middle ear due to any cause. | SNHL occurs when there's damage to the internal ear or to the nerve pathways from the ear to the brain that is vestibulocochlear nerve or sensory relay center for auditory stimulus. So injury at the cochlea or proximal to the cochlea is termed as SNHL. | Mixed HL is defined as CHL and SNHL. |
| CHL accounts for 90%–95% of all childhood HL. | SNHL is more common in adults. | |
| With pure conductive hearing loss, the quality of hearing and speech discrimination is good. | ||
| Often only mild and is never worse. | It can be mild, moderate, or severe, including complete deafness. | |
Common causes in adults include:
|
If SNHL takes hours or days to develop it can be due to:
If hearing loss develops in weeks: If happens in years: |
| CONGENITAL | ACQUIRED |
|---|---|
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References
- ↑ Nieman CL, Oh ES (2020). "Hearing Loss". Ann Intern Med. 173 (11): ITC81–ITC96. doi:10.7326/AITC202012010. PMID 33253610 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Nieman CL, Oh ES (2020). "Hearing Loss". Ann Intern Med. 173 (11): ITC81–ITC96. doi:10.7326/AITC202012010. PMID 33253610 Check
|pmid=value (help). - ↑ Kral A (2017). "[Pathophysiology of hearing loss : Classification and treatment options]". HNO. 65 (4): 290–297. doi:10.1007/s00106-016-0183-1. PMID 27299892.
- ↑ Kral A (2017). "[Pathophysiology of hearing loss : Classification and treatment options]". HNO. 65 (4): 290–297. doi:10.1007/s00106-016-0183-1. PMID 27299892.
- ↑ Kenna MA (2015). "Acquired Hearing Loss in Children". Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 48 (6): 933–53. doi:10.1016/j.otc.2015.07.011. PMID 26452421.