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| {{Non-Polio enterovirus infections}} | | {{Non-Polio enterovirus infections}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} {{AE}} {Sujaya}} |
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| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| Enteroviruses can be found in [[respiratory]] secretions (e.g., [[saliva]], [[sputum]], or [[nasal mucus]]) and [[stool]] of an infected person. Other persons may become infected by direct contact with secretions or [[stool]] from an infected person or by contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, such as a drinking glass or telephone. Parents, teachers, and child care center workers may also become infected by contamination of the hands with stool from an infected infant or toddler during diaper changes.
| | The [[cellular]] uptake of [[enteorviruses]] is mediated by [[receptor]] [[molecules]] such as, [[intracellular]] [[adhesion]] [[molecule]]-1 ([[ICAM-1)]], low-density [[lipoprotein]] [[receptor]] ([[LDL-R]]), and [[non-protein]] factors such as [[heparan sulfate]] and [[sialic acid]]. [[Incubation]] [[periods]] range from 12 hours to 5 days, with [[experimental]] volunteers reporting [[symptoms]] several hours after aritficial [[inoculation]]. |
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| ==Pathophysiology== | | ==Pathophysiology== |
| Less commonly, some persons have "aseptic" or [[viral meningitis]]. Rarely, a person may develop an illness that affects the heart ([[myocarditis]]) or the brain ([[encephalitis]]) or causes [[paralysis]]. Enterovirus infections are suspected to play a role in the development of juvenile-onset [[diabetes mellitus]] (sugar diabetes). Newborns infected with an enterovirus may rarely develop severe illness and die from infection. Usually, there are no long-term complications from the mild illnesses or from "aseptic" meningitis. Some patients who have paralysis or encephalitis, however, do not fully recover. Persons who develop heart failure (dilated [[cardiomyopathy]]) from [[myocarditis]] may require long-term care for their conditions.
| | ===[[Non-polio]] [[non-rhinovirus]] [[enteroviruses]]=== |
| | | ===[[Rhinoviruses]]=== |
| ===Genetics=== | |
| Enteroviruses are members of the [[picornavirus]] family, a large and diverse group of small [[RNA viruses]] characterized by a single positive-strand genomic RNA. All enteroviruses contain a [[genome]] of approximately 7,500 bases and are known to have a high [[mutation rate]] due to [[Virus#Replication_cycle|low-fidelity replication]] and frequent [[genetic recombination|recombination]].<ref name=China>{{cite journal |author=Li L, He Y, Yang H, ''et al.'' |title=Genetic Characteristics of Human Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus A16 Circulating from 1999 to 2004 in Shenzhen, People's Republic of China |journal=J. Clin. Microbiol. |volume=43 |issue=8 |pages=3835–9 |year=2005 |pmid=16081920 |pmc=1233905 |doi=10.1128/JCM.43.8.3835-3839.2005 |url=http://jcm.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16081920}}</ref> After infection of the host cell, the genome is translated in a cap-independent manner into a single [[polyprotein]], which is subsequently processed by virus-encoded [[protease]]s into the structural [[capsid]] proteins and the nonstructural proteins, which are mainly involved in the replication of the virus.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Merkle I, van Ooij MJ, van Kuppeveld FJ, ''et al.'' |title=Biological Significance of a Human Enterovirus B-Specific RNA Element in the 3′ Nontranslated Region |journal=J. Virol. |volume=76 |issue=19 |pages=9900–9 |year=2002 |pmid=12208967 |pmc=136489 |doi= 10.1128/JVI.76.19.9900-9909.2002|url=http://jvi.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12208967}}</ref>
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| == References == | | == References == |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: {Sujaya}}
Overview
The cellular uptake of enteorviruses is mediated by receptor molecules such as, intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R), and non-protein factors such as heparan sulfate and sialic acid. Incubation periods range from 12 hours to 5 days, with experimental volunteers reporting symptoms several hours after aritficial inoculation.
Pathophysiology
References
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