Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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The symptoms associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are quite variable and range from no symptoms, to the development of [[heart failure]], to the occurrence of [[sudden cardiac death]]. The symptoms may vary tremendously from individual even within a family. The timing of symptom onset is quite variable as well and may range from infancy to adulthood. | The symptoms associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are quite variable and range from no symptoms, to the development of [[heart failure]], to the occurrence of [[sudden cardiac death]]. The symptoms may vary tremendously from individual even within a family. The timing of symptom onset is quite variable as well and may range from infancy to adulthood. | ||
== | ==Symptoms== | ||
*Some patients have no symptoms. They may not even realize they have the condition until it is found during a routine medical exam | *Some patients have no symptoms. They may not even realize they have the condition until it is found during a routine medical exam | ||
Revision as of 00:22, 13 August 2011
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Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Microchapters |
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Editors-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The symptoms associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are quite variable and range from no symptoms, to the development of heart failure, to the occurrence of sudden cardiac death. The symptoms may vary tremendously from individual even within a family. The timing of symptom onset is quite variable as well and may range from infancy to adulthood.
Symptoms
- Some patients have no symptoms. They may not even realize they have the condition until it is found during a routine medical exam
- Chest pain (sometimes known as angina)
- Dizziness
- Dyspnea (shortness of breath)
- Fainting or syncope, especially during exercise
- Fatigue
- Heart failure (in some patients)
- High blood pressure (hypertension)
- Light-headedness, especially with or after activity or exercise, or when standing up suddenly
- Palpitations or the sensation of feeling the heart beat
- Shortness of breath
- Reduced activity tolerance
- Shortness of breath when lying down (orthopnea)
- Sudden cardiac death
Specific Symptoms
Dyspnea is largely due to increased stiffness of the left ventricle, which impairs filling of the ventricles and leads to elevated pressure in the left ventricle and left atrium. Symptoms are not closely related to the presence or severity of an outflow tract gradient [1]. Oftentimes, symptoms mimic those of congestive heart failure (esp. activity intolerance & dyspnea), but it must be noted that treatment is very different. To treat with diuretics (a mainstay of CHF treatment) will exacerbate symptoms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy by decreasing ventricular volume and increasing outflow resistance.
Risk factors for sudden death in individuals with HCM include a young age at first diagnosis (age < 30 years), an episode of aborted sudden death, a family history of HCM with sudden death of relatives, specific mutations in the genes encoding for troponin T and myosin, sustained supraventricular or ventricular tachycardia, recurrent syncope, ventricular septal wall thickness over 3 cm, hypotensive response to exercise, syncope (especially in children), and bradyarrhythmias (slow rhythms of the heart)[2]
References
- ↑ Braunwauld E. The Cardiomyopathies, in Braunwald's Heart Disease, 7th ed, D Zipes, et al (eds). Philadelphia, Saunders, 2005
- ↑ Maron BJ, Cecchi F, McKenna WJ. Risk factors and stratification for sudden cardiac death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Br Heart J. 1994 Dec; 72(6 Suppl):S13–8. (Medline abstract) and the Task Force on Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology link Note: Guideline withdraw