Cervicitis: Difference between revisions
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==[[Cervicitis overview|Overview]]== | ==[[Cervicitis overview|Overview]]== | ||
==[[Cervicitis overview|Overview]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology & Demographics]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis risk factors|Risk Factors]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis screening|Screening]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis causes|Causes]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis differential diagnosis|Differentiating Cervicitis]]== | |||
==[[Cervicitis natural history|Complications & Prognosis]]== | |||
==Diagnosis== | |||
[[Cervicitis history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Cervicitis physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Cervicitis staging|Staging]] | [[Cervicitis laboratory tests|Laboratory tests]] | [[Cervicitis electrocardiogram|Electrocardiogram]] | [[Cervicitis x ray|X Rays]] | [[Cervicitis CT|CT]] | [[Cervicitis MRI|MRI]] [[Cervicitis echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Cervicitis other imaging findings|Other images]] | [[Cervicitis other diagnostic studies|Alternative diagnostics]] | |||
==Treatment== | |||
[[Cervicitis medical therapy|Medical therapy]] | [[Cervicitis surgery|Surgical options]] | [[Cervicitis primary prevention|Primary prevention]] | [[Cervicitis secondary prevention|Secondary prevention]] | [[Cervicitis cost-effectiveness of therapy|Financial costs]] | [[Cervicitis future or investigational therapies|Future therapies]] | |||
==Mucopurulent cervicitis== | ==Mucopurulent cervicitis== | ||
'''Mucopurulent cervicitis''' (MPC) is characterized by a [[purulent]] or mucopurulent endocervical exudate visible in the endocervical canal or in an endocervical swab specimen. Some specialists also diagnose MPC on the basis of easily induced cervical bleeding. Although some specialists consider an increased number of [[polymorphonuclear leukocytes]] on endocervical Gram stain as being useful in the diagnosis of MPC, this criterion has not been standardized, has a low positive-predictive value (PPV), and is not available in some settings. MPC often is asymptomatic, but some women have an abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding (e.g., after [[sexual intercourse]]). MPC can be caused by [[C. trachomatis]] or [[N. gonorrheae]]; however, in most cases neither organism can be isolated. MPC can persist despite repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy. Because relapse or reinfection with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae usually does not occur in persons with persistent cases of MPC, other non-microbiologic determinants (e.g., inflammation in the zone of ectopy) might be involved. | '''Mucopurulent cervicitis''' (MPC) is characterized by a [[purulent]] or mucopurulent endocervical exudate visible in the endocervical canal or in an endocervical swab specimen. Some specialists also diagnose MPC on the basis of easily induced cervical bleeding. Although some specialists consider an increased number of [[polymorphonuclear leukocytes]] on endocervical Gram stain as being useful in the diagnosis of MPC, this criterion has not been standardized, has a low positive-predictive value (PPV), and is not available in some settings. MPC often is asymptomatic, but some women have an abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding (e.g., after [[sexual intercourse]]). MPC can be caused by [[C. trachomatis]] or [[N. gonorrheae]]; however, in most cases neither organism can be isolated. MPC can persist despite repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy. Because relapse or reinfection with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae usually does not occur in persons with persistent cases of MPC, other non-microbiologic determinants (e.g., inflammation in the zone of ectopy) might be involved. | ||
Revision as of 14:37, 27 January 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Epidemiology & Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Causes
Differentiating Cervicitis
Complications & Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Staging | Laboratory tests | Electrocardiogram | X Rays | CT | MRI Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other images | Alternative diagnostics
Treatment
Medical therapy | Surgical options | Primary prevention | Secondary prevention | Financial costs | Future therapies
Mucopurulent cervicitis
Mucopurulent cervicitis (MPC) is characterized by a purulent or mucopurulent endocervical exudate visible in the endocervical canal or in an endocervical swab specimen. Some specialists also diagnose MPC on the basis of easily induced cervical bleeding. Although some specialists consider an increased number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes on endocervical Gram stain as being useful in the diagnosis of MPC, this criterion has not been standardized, has a low positive-predictive value (PPV), and is not available in some settings. MPC often is asymptomatic, but some women have an abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding (e.g., after sexual intercourse). MPC can be caused by C. trachomatis or N. gonorrheae; however, in most cases neither organism can be isolated. MPC can persist despite repeated courses of antimicrobial therapy. Because relapse or reinfection with C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae usually does not occur in persons with persistent cases of MPC, other non-microbiologic determinants (e.g., inflammation in the zone of ectopy) might be involved.
Patients who have MPC should be tested for C. trachomatis and for N. gonorrhoeae with the most sensitive and specific test available. However, MPC is not a sensitive predictor of infection with these organisms; most women who have C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae do not have MPC.
References
Additional Resources
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep 2002 10 May; 51 (RR-6):30-42.
- Much of an earlier version of this article was taken from the public domain document "Diseases characterized by urethritis and cervicitis. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines 2002." which can be found at http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?doc_id=3236