Guillain-Barré syndrome: Difference between revisions

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==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
All forms of Guillain-Barré syndrome are due to an immune response to foreign antigens (such as infectious agents or vaccines) but mistargeted to host nerve tissues instead (a form of [[antigenic mimicry]]). The targets of such immune attack are thought to be [[gangliosides]], which are complex glycosphingolipids present in large quantities on human nerve tissues, especially in the [[nodes of Ranvier]]. An example is the GM1 ganglioside, which can be affected in as many as 20-50% of cases, especially in those preceded by ''[[Campylobacter jejuni]]'' infections. Another example is the GQ1b ganglioside, which is the target in the Miller Fisher syndrome variant (see below).
The end result of such [[autoimmune]] attack on the peripheral nerves is inflammation of [[myelin]] and conduction block, leading to a muscle [[paralysis]] that may be accompanied by sensory or [[autonomic]] disturbances.
However, in mild cases, axonal function remains intact and recovery can be rapid if remyelination occurs. In severe cases, such as in the AMAN or AMSAN variants (see below), axonal degeneration occurs, and recovery depends on axonal regeneration. Recovery becomes much slower, and there is a greater degree of residual damage. Recent studies on the disease have demonstrated that approximately 80% of the patients have [[myelin]] loss, whereas, in the remaining 20%, the pathologic hallmark of the disease is indeed [[axon]] loss.


==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]]==
==[[Guillain-Barré syndrome history and symptoms|History & Symptoms]]==

Revision as of 16:20, 15 February 2012

Guillain-Barré syndrome
ICD-10 G61.0
ICD-9 357.0
DiseasesDB 5465
MeSH D020275

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, MBBS [2]

Overview

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ca:Síndrome de Guillain-Barré de:Guillain-Barré-Syndrom it:Sindrome di Guillain-Barré he:תסמונת גיאן-בארה lb:Guillain-Barré-Syndrom ms:Sindrom Guillain-Barré nl:Syndroom van Guillain-Barré fi:Guillain-Barrén oireyhtymä sv:Guillain-Barrés syndrom

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