Knee pain/swelling

Knee pain/swelling

WikiDoc Resources for Knee pain/swelling
Articles
Most recent articles on Knee pain/swelling Most cited articles on Knee pain/swelling Review articles on Knee pain/swelling Articles on Knee pain/swelling in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Knee pain/swelling Images of Knee pain/swelling Photos of Knee pain/swelling Podcasts & MP3s on Knee pain/swelling Videos on Knee pain/swelling
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Knee pain/swelling Bandolier on Knee pain/swelling TRIP on Knee pain/swelling
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Knee pain/swelling at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Knee pain/swelling Clinical Trials on Knee pain/swelling at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Knee pain/swelling NICE Guidance on Knee pain/swelling NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Knee pain/swelling CDC on Knee pain/swelling
Books
Books on Knee pain/swelling
News
Knee pain/swelling in the news Be alerted to news on Knee pain/swelling News trends on Knee pain/swelling
Commentary
Blogs on Knee pain/swelling
Definitions
Definitions of Knee pain/swelling
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Knee pain/swelling Discussion groups on Knee pain/swelling Patient Handouts on Knee pain/swelling Directions to Hospitals Treating Knee pain/swelling Risk calculators and risk factors for Knee pain/swelling
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Knee pain/swelling Causes & Risk Factors for Knee pain/swelling Diagnostic studies for Knee pain/swelling Treatment of Knee pain/swelling
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Knee pain/swelling
International
Knee pain/swelling en Espanol Knee pain/swelling en Francais
Business
Knee pain/swelling in the Marketplace Patents on Knee pain/swelling
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Knee pain/swelling

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

The most common reasons of knee pain can include;

Differential diagnosis of knee pain/swelling

Common causes

Acute knee pain

• Ligament injuries
• Tendon injuries (tendinitis)
• Meniscus injuries
• Loose body
• Dislocated kneecap
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Iliotibial band syndrome
• Hyperextended knee
• Septic arthritis

Chronic knee pain

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Gout
• Chondromalacia of the patella, or patellofemoral pain

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Erythema nodosum, Sarcoidosis, Psoriasis
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets, Sarcoidosis, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Crohn's disease
Genetic	Ankylosing Spondylitis, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5, Fairbanks disease, Handigodu Syndrome, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemophilia, Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome, Juvenile Paget's Disease, Paget's disease of bone, Paget's disease, type 1, Paget's disease, type 4, Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis, TAR syndrome, Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets, Crohn's disease, Pyrophosphate arthropathy, Trochlear dysplasia, Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid arthritis
Hematologic	Acute leukemia, Bleeding disorders, Hemarthrosis, Leukemia, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemophilia, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, TAR syndrome
Iatrogenic	Arthroscopic lavage
Infectious Disease	Clutton's joints, Congenital syphilis, Gonococcal pyarthrosis, Knee arthritis, Knee bacterial infection, Knee infection, Knee inflammation, Lyme disease, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint, Pyarthrosis, Pyogenic infection, Septic arthritis, Yersiniosis, Tendinitis, Viral infection, Synovitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Anterior cruciate ligament injury, Arthritis, Baker's cyst, Brodie knee, Bursitis, Chondromalacia patellae, Cruciate injury, Dislocated knee, Dislocated patella, Fallen arches, Femoral condyle fracture, Fractured patella, Fractured tibial plateau, Gait problems, Gout, Gram's syndrome, Hip dislocation, Hip injury, Hip Replacement, Intermittent hydrarthrosis, Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome, Knee cyst, Knee tumor, Knock knees, Lipoarthritis, Lipoma arborescens, Medial ligament injury, Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy, Meniscal cyst, Meniscus injury, Osgood-Schlatter's disease, Osteoarthritis, Osteochondritis dissecans, Osteochondroma, Osteochondrosis, Osteosarcoma, Patellar tendinitis, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome, Pigmented villonodular synovitis, Plica Syndrome, Popliteal cyst, Prepatellar bursitis, Ps, riasis, Pyrophosphate arthropathy, Reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sciatica, Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease, Spinal cord injury, Strength training, Supracondylar femur fracture, Synovial chondromatosis, Synovial osteochondromatosis, Synovial plica syndrome, Synovioma, Synovitis, Tendinitis, Torn ligament, Trauma, Trochlear dysplasia, Viral infection, Weak ankles, Weight training, Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5, Fairbanks disease, Handigodu Syndrome, Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome, Juvenile Paget's Disease, Paget's disease of bone, Paget's disease, type 1, Paget's disease, type 4, Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis, TAR syndrome, Hemarthrosis, Clutton's joints, Knee arthritis, Knee bacterial infection, Knee infection, Knee inflammation, Lyme disease, Pyogenic infection, Yersiniosis, Scurvy, Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis, Inflammatory arthritis, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still's disease, Hoffa's disease, Housemaid's knee, Knee fracture, Knee overuse, Knee sprain, Knee strain, Knee tendinitis, Orthopedic cast, Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets
Neurologic	Gait problems, Sciatica, Spinal cord injury, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint
Nutritional / Metabolic	Scurvy, Gout, Juvenile Paget's Disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Congenital syphilis, Clutton's joints
Oncologic	Malignant bone tumor, Acute leukemia, Leukemia, Gram's syndrome, Knee tumor, Osteochondroma, Osteosarcoma, Synovioma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Common variable immunodeficiency, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Inflammatory arthritis, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still's disease, Erythema nodosum, Osteochondrosis, Psoriasis, Reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, Synovitis, Crohn's disease, Tendinitis, Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis, Handigodu Syndrome, Knee arthritis, Gout, Gram's syndrome, Sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Hoffa's disease, Housemaid's knee, Iliotibial band friction syndrome, Knee fracture, Knee overuse, Knee sprain, Knee strain, Knee tendinitis, Orthopedic cast, Bursitis, Chondromalacia patellae, Cruciate injury, Dislocated knee, Dislocated patella, Fallen arches, Femoral condyle fracture, Fractured patella, Fractured tibial plateau, Hip dislocation, Hip injury, Hip Replacement, Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome, Medial ligament injury, Meniscus injury, Patellar tendinitis, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome, Prepatellar bursitis, Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease, Supracondylar femur fracture, Torn ligament
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Complete differential diagnosis of causes of knee pain/sweling

• Acute gouty arthritis
• Adult Still's Disease
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
• Baker's cyst
• Bone, ligament or cartilage damage
• Bursitis
• Chondromalacia patellae
• Chronic gouty arthritis
• Discoid meniscus
• Gonococcemia
• Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee
• Iliotibial Band Syndrome
• Joint effusion
• Joint infection
• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury
• Malignancy
• Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury
• Meniscus tear
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
• Osteomyelitis
• Osteosarcoma
• Patellofemoral syndrome
• Pes anserine bursitis
• Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury
• Pseudogout
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Reiter's Syndrome
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Scleroderma
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Diagnosis

History and Symptoms

• Gait abnormalities
• Swelling
• Erythema
• Deformity
• Muscle atrophy

Physical Examination

• Range of motion
• Palpate area of concern
• "Milk the joint"
• McMurray circumduction test
• Ligament testing

Laboratory Findings

• Complete blood count
• C-reactive protein
• Uric acid
• Alkaline phosphatase
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

X-Ray

• Anteroposterior, lateral and merchant (or sunrise) films of both knees
• Tunnel views of knee
• Merchant and sunrise of the patella

MRI and CT

• MRI for confirmation of suspected diagnosis

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Bone scan
• Joint aspiration

Treatment

• Conservative therapy is best
• Lifestyle changes
• Physical therapy
• Exercise

Pharmacotherapy

Acute Pharmacotherapies

• Anti-inflammatory medications
• Joint medications
• Antibiotics

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

• Surgery necessary for most ACL injuries
• Meniscal tears may require surgical repair
• Joint infection requires surgery (emergency)
• Surgery may be necessary for osteoarthritis, if conservative treatment fails

References

Template:WikiDoc Sources