Raynaud's phenomenon causes

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Editors-In-Chief: Asghar Fakhri, M.D., Duane S. Pinto, M.D. and C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D.

Associated Conditions

Secondary Raynaud's has a number of associations:

• Connective tissue disorders:
  • scleroderma
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • Sjögren's syndrome
  • dermatomyositis
  • polymyositis
• Eating disorders
  • Anorexia Nervosa
• Obstructive disorders
  • atherosclerosis
  • Buerger's disease
  • subclavian aneurysms
  • thoracic outlet syndrome
• Drugs
  • Beta-blockers
  • cytotoxic drugs - particularly chemotherapeutics and most especially bleomycin
  • cyclosporin
  • ergotamine
  • sulfasalazine
• Occupation
  • jobs involving vibration, particularly drilling
  • exposure to vinyl chloride
  • exposure to the cold (e.g. by working packing frozen food)
• Others
  • hypothyroidism
  • cryoglobulinemia
  • malignancy
  • reflex sympathetic dystrophy
  • Acromegaly
  • After blunt traumas
  • After surgery
  • Arsenic
  • Arterenol
  • Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
  • Arteriovenous Fistula
  • Arthrosis of cervical spine
  • Axillary vein thrombosis
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Cervical rib
  • Cirrhosis
  • Cold agglutinins
  • Costoclavicular Syndrome
  • Clonidine
  • Cryoglobulinemia
  • Cytotoxic drugs
  • Dermatomtositis
  • Dysproteinemia
  • Ergotamine
  • Heavy metals
  • Hemiplegia
  • Hormonal contraceptives
  • Hypothenar Hammer Syndrome
  • Lead
  • Leukemia
  • Lupus Erythematosus
  • Mixed connective tissue disorders
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • Neoplasm
  • Peripheral Neuropathy
  • Peripheral emboli
  • Poiliomyelitis
  • Polyarteritis Nosdosa
  • Polycythemia Vera
  • Post-traumatic reflex sympathetic dystrophy
  • Propranolol
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis
  • Scalenus-anticus Syndrome
  • Scleroderma
  • Scoliosis
  • Sjorgen's Syndrome
  • Spinal tumor
  • Sulfasalazine
  • Syringomyelia
  • Thallium
  • Thromboangitis obliterans
  • Thoracic outlet syndrome
  • Vibrations
  • Wegener's Granulomatosis

It is important to realise that Raynaud's can herald these diseases by periods of more than 20 years in some cases, making it effectively their first presenting symptom. This can be the case in the CREST syndrome, of which Raynaud's is a part.