Anasarca causes

Anasarca Microchapters
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Classification
Causes
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Causes

(In alphabetical order)

• Acute renal failure, especially oliguric renal failure with fluid retention
• Allergic reactions, only systemic severe allergic reactions with associated capillary leak
• Angioedema, rarely, when it is severe and generalized
• Burns (generalized severe burns can result in Hypoalbuminemia and capillary leak)
• Calcium channel blockers usually cause localized edma and not anasarca
• Capillary leak syndrome
• Cardiac tamponade resulting in heart failure and generalized edema
• Chronic kidney disease (advanced stages with fluid retention)
• Constrictive pericarditis with associated heart failure
• Cor pulmonale resulting in right heart failure
• Diazoxide usually cause localized edma and not anasarca
• Corticosteriods
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Docetaxel usually cause localized edma and not anasarca
• Eclampsia (severe eclampsia)
• Effusive-constrictive pericarditis with associated heart failure
• Estrogens
• Fludrocortisone
• Glomerulonephritis
• Haemolytic disease of the newborn
• Heart failure
• Hepatic cirrhosis
  • Alcoholic liver disease
  • Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency
  • Autoimmune hepatitis
  • Chronic hepatitis B
  • Chronic hepatitis C
  • Hepatic venous obstruction
  • Hereditary hemochromatosis
  • Primary biliary cirrhosis
  • Primary sclerosing cholangitis
  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
  • Wilson's disease
• Hereditary angioedema in severe cases
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Hypoalbuminemia
• Hypoproteinemia
• Hypothyroidism (advanced untreated hypothyroidism)
• Idiopathic edema
• Increased capillary permeability
• Increased interstitial oncotic pressure
• Interleukin-2 therapy
• Kwashiorkor
• Lymphatic obstruction usually cause localized limb edema unless very proximal
• Malnutrition
• Malignant ascites is usually associated with lower extremities edema
• Minoxidil usually causes localized edema to the lower extremities
• Nephrotic syndrome
• Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug causes localized edma
• Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
• POEMS syndrome
• Portal thrombosis causes lower extremities edema
• Pramipexole
• Pregnancy
• Protein loss
• Protein-losing enteropathy
• Reduced albumin synthesis
• Refeeding edema
• Restrictive cardiomyopathy
• Severe inflammation or sepsis
• Sodium overload
• Thiazolidinediones
• Trauma (severe trauma)
• Tricuspid stenosis
• Tropical sprue
• Venous obstruction usually causes localized edema in the limb
• Water overload
• Yellow nail syndrome

Complete Differential Diagnosis of the Causes of Anasarca:

(By organ system)

Cardiovascular	Cardiac tamponade , Constrictive pericarditis, Cor pulmonale, Dilated cardiomyopathy, Effusive-constrictive pericarditis, Heart failure, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy,Restrictive cardiomyopathy, Tricuspid stenosis
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Calcium channel blockers, Diazoxide, Docetaxel, Estrogens Fludrocortisone, Interleukin-2 therapy, Minoxidil, Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, Corticosteriods
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Corticosteriods
Environmental	Water intoxication
Gastroenterologic	Alcoholic liver disease , Autoimmune hepatitis, Chronic hepatitis B, Chronic hepatitis C,Hepatic cirrhosis, Hepatic venous obstruction, Hereditary hemochromatosis, Portal thrombosis, Primary biliary cirrhosis, Primary sclerosing cholangitis, Wilson's disease
Genetic	Angioedema, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Hereditary angioedema Hereditary hemochromatosis, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, Wilson's disease, Yellow nail syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Water intoxication, excess intravenous fluids
Infectious Disease	Tropical sprue
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional / Metabolic	Hypoalbuminemia, Hypoproteinaemia, Kwashiorkor, Malnutrition Protein loss, Protein-losing enteropathy, Reduced albumin synthesis, Refeeding edema, Sodium overload, Tropical sprue, Water overload
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Eclampsia, Estrogens, Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome,Pregnancy
Oncologic	Malignant ascites
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Water intoxication
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal / Electrolyte	Nephrotic syndrome
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Haemolytic disease of the newborn, Autoimmune hepatitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Trauma
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes