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| {{SK}} Oesophagitis | | {{SK}} Oesophagitis |
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| ==Overview==
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| Esophagitis is defined as [[inflammation]] of the [[esophagus]]. The inflammation can be due to a variety of causes such as [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]], viruses, or chemical injuries.
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| ==Pathophysiology==
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| * The most common cause is [[gastroesophageal reflux disease]] ([[GERD]]). If caused by [[GERD]], the diseases is also called '''[[reflux esophagitis]]'''.
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| * Other causes of [[esophagitis]] include infections (most commonly [[Candida (genus)|candida]], [[herpes simplex]] and [[cytomegalovirus]]). These infections are typically seen in [[immunocompromised]] people, such as those with [[HIV]].
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| * [[Food allergy|Food allergies]] have also been known to cause [[esophagitis]]
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| * Chemical injury by [[alkaline]] or [[acid]] solutions may also cause [[esophagitis]], and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt [[suicide]].
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| * Physical injury resulting from [[radiation therapy]] or by [[nasogastric tube]]s may also be responsible.
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| ===Pathological Findings===
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| [http://www.peir.net Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology]
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| ====Gross Images====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Candida esophagitis 1.jpg|Esophagus: Candida: Gross natural color close up of distal esophagus mucosa, an excellent example of candida esophagitis
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| Image:Candida esophagitis 2.jpg|Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color close-up, an excellent example
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| </gallery>
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Candida esophagitis 3.jpg|Esophagitis Candida: Gross natural color excellent close-up photo case of acute myelomonocytic leukemia
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| Image:Necrotizing esophagitis 1.jpg|Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
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| </gallery>
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| ====Microscopic Images====
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Herpes esophagitis micro 100.jpg|Herpes esophagitis 100 x
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| Image:Herpes esophagitis micro 400.jpg|Herpes esophagitis 400 x
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| Image:Herpes esophagitis micro 600.jpg|Herpes esophagitis 600 x
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| </gallery>
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Reflux esophagitis micro 1.jpg|Reflux esophagitis 100 x
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| Image:Reflux esophagitis micro 2.jpg|Reflux esophagitis 400 x
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| Image:Necrotizing esophagitis micro 1.jpg|Necrotizing esophagitis and gastritis, sulfuric acid ingested as suicide attempt
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| </gallery>
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| ====Histopathological Findings: Herpes esophagitis====
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| {{#ev:youtube|bJME-CJvHfs}}
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| ==Causes==
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| === Common Causes ===
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| *[[Gastroesophageal reflux disease]]
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| ===Casues in Alphabetical Order===
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| * [[Bacterial infection]]
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| * [[Candida]]
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| * [[Caustic burn]]
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| * [[Crohn's Disease]]
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| * [[Cytomegalovirus]] ([[CMV]])
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| * [[Drugs]], [[toxins]]
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| * [[Fungal infection]]
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| * [[Gastric]] tube
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| * [[Gastroesophageal reflux]]
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| * [[GERD]]
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| * [[Gastroscopy]]
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| * [[Hernias]]
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| * [[Herpes]]
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| * [[Metastasis]]
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| * [[Radiation]]
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| * [[Reflux esophagitis]]
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| * [[Surgery]]
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| * [[Tumor]]
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| * [[Ddx:Nausea and Vomiting|Vomiting]]
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| * Other causes of [[esophagitis]] include infections (most commonly [[Candida (genus)|candida]], [[herpes simplex]] and [[cytomegalovirus]]). These infections are typically seen in [[immunocompromised]] people, such as those with [[HIV]].
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| * [[Food allergy|Food allergies]] have also been known to cause [[esophagitis]]
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| * Chemical injury by [[alkaline]] or [[acid]] solutions may also cause [[esophagitis]], and is usually seen in children or in adults who attempt [[suicide]].
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| * Physical injury resulting from [[radiation therapy]] or by [[nasogastric tube]]s may also be responsible.
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| ==Diagnosis==
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| === Symptoms ===
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| The symptoms of esophagitis include:
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| *[[Bad breath]] ([[halitosis]])
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| *[[Chest pain]], in the middle of the chest, often radiating to the back, usually associated with swallowing or soon after a meal
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| *[[Difficulty swallowing]] and/or [[painful swallowing]], especially if there is a feeling of food getting stuck on the way down
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| *[[Hoarseness]]
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| *[[Mouth sores]]
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| *[[Nausea]]
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| *[[Sore throat]]
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| *[[Vomiting]]
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| Symptoms of underlying diseases that cause esophagitis include:
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| *[[Indigestion]]
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| *[[Heartburn]], [[acid reflux]], or [[unpleasant taste in the mouth]]
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| *[[Excessive belching]]
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| ==Diagnostic Findings==
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| ===X-ray Findings===
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| (Images shown below are courtesy of RadsWiki)
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|
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Esophagitis-002.jpg
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| Image:Esophagitis-003.jpg
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| </gallery>
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Esophagitis-004.jpg
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| Image:Esophagitis-005.jpg
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| </gallery>
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| ===Endoscopic Findings===
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| [http://www.peir.net Images courtesy of Professor Peter Anderson DVM PhD and published with permission © PEIR, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Department of Pathology]
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Candida esophagitis endoscopy 1.jpg|Candida esophagitis
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| Image:NSAID esophagitis 1.jpg|NSAID esophagitis
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| Image:Peptic esophagitis 1.jpg|Peptic esophagitis
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| </gallery>
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| <gallery>
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| Image:Herpetic esophagitis 1.jpg|Herpetic esophagitis
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| Image:Caustic lye esophagitis 1.jpg|Caustic lye esophagitis
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| </gallery>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Gastroenterology}} | | {{Gastroenterology}} |