Rhabdomyosarcoma: Difference between revisions

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{{CMG}}
{{CMG}}


==Overview==
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma overview|Overview]]==
A '''rhabdomyosarcoma''' is a type of [[cancer]], specifically a [[sarcoma]] (cancer of [[connective tissue]]s), in which the cancer cells are thought to arise from [[skeletal muscle]] progenitors. It can also be found attached to muscle tissue, wrapped around intestines, or anywhere, to include the neck area. It is most common in children ages one to five, and teens aged 15 to 19, although quite rare in the latter. It can be a cardiac manifestation of [[tuberous sclerosis]].


Rhabdomyosarcoma is a relatively rare form of cancer.  Its two most common forms are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma.  In the former, which is more common in younger children, the cancer cells resemble those of a typical 6-to-8-week embryo. In the latter, which is more common in older children and teenagers, they resemble those of a typical 10-to-12-week embryo.
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma historical perspective|Historical Perspective]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma classification|Classification]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma pathophysiology|Pathophysiology]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma causes|Causes]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma differential diagnosis|Differentiating Rhabdomyosarcoma from other Diseases]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma epidemiology and demographics|Epidemiology and Demographics]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma risk factors|Risk Factors]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma screening|Screening]]==
 
==[[Rhabdomyosarcoma natural history, complications and prognosis|Natural History, Complications and Prognosis]]==


==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
When rhabdomyosarcoma is suspected, tests will be run for blood, muscle, and marrow.
[[Rhabdomyosarcoma staging|Staging]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma history and symptoms|History and Symptoms]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma physical examination|Physical Examination]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma laboratory findings|Laboratory Findings]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma biopsy|Biopsy]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma chest x ray|Chest X Ray]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma CT|CT]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma MRI|MRI]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma echocardiography or ultrasound|Echocardiography or Ultrasound]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma other imaging findings|Other Imaging Findings]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma other diagnostic studies|Other Diagnostic Studies]]
 
Diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma depends on recognition of [[differentiation]] toward skeletal muscle cells.  The protein ''myo D1'' is a protein normally found in developing skeletal muscle cells which disappears after the muscle matures and becomes innervated by a [[nerve]].  Thus, myo D1 is not found in normal skeletal muscle and serves as a useful immunohistochemical marker of rhabdomyosarcoma.
===CT===
<div align="left">
<gallery heights="117" widths="117">
Image:Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma 001.jpg|Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma <small>Image courtesy of RadsWiki and copylefted</small>
Image:Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma 002.jpg|Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma <small>Image courtesy of RadsWiki and copylefted</small>
Image:Cardiac rhabdomyosarcoma 003.jpg|Cardiac Rhabdomyosarcoma <small>Image courtesy of RadsWiki and copylefted</small>
</gallery>
</div>


==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma consists of [[chemotherapy]], [[radiation therapy]] and sometimes [[surgery]]. Surgery to remove the tumor is often difficult or impossible because the tumor is usually embedded deep within the tissue, leaving it difficult to reach.  If a tumor presents itself in the extremities, amputation is often necessary to improve survival. 
[[Rhabdomyosarcoma medical therapy|Medical Therapy]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma surgery|Surgery]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma primary prevention|Primary Prevention]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma secondary prevention|Secondary Prevention]] | [[Rhabdomyosarcoma cost-effectiveness of therapy|Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy]] |  [[Rhabdomyosarcoma future or investigational therapies|Future or Investigational Therapies]]


If there is no evidence of metastasis, surgery combined with chemotherapy and radiation offer the best prognosis. Patients whose tumors have metastasized usually have a poor chance for long-term survival. In patients who began treatment before metastasis, the prognosis is better, although the disease is generally incurable because the tumors that cannot be surgically removed tend to spread.
==Case Studies==


==External links==
[[Rhabdomyosarcoma case study one|Case #1]]
* [http://www.acor.org/ped-onc/diseases/rhabdo.html Ped-Onc Resource Center]
* [http://www.liddyshriversarcomainitiative.org/Newsletters/V01N04/RMS/rms.htm Rhabdomyosarcoma by Leonard Wexler, MD]
* [http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_4_1X_What_is_rhabdomyosarcoma_53.asp?sitearea=]
* [http://www.healthsystem.virginia.edu/uvahealth/peds_oncology/rhabdo.cfm]
{{Soft tissue tumors and sarcomas}}


[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
[[Category:Anatomical pathology]]
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[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology stub]]
[[Category:Oncology stub]]
[[Category:Needs content]]
[[Category:Disease]]


[[es:Rhabdomiosarcoma]]
[[es:Rhabdomiosarcoma]]

Revision as of 18:55, 12 September 2012

Rhabdomyosarcoma
ICD-10 C49.M50
ICD-9 171.9
ICD-O: Template:ICDO-Template:ICDO
DiseasesDB 11485

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Classification

Pathophysiology

Causes

Differentiating Rhabdomyosarcoma from other Diseases

Epidemiology and Demographics

Risk Factors

Screening

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Staging | History and Symptoms | Physical Examination | Laboratory Findings | Biopsy | Chest X Ray | CT | MRI | Echocardiography or Ultrasound | Other Imaging Findings | Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy | Surgery | Primary Prevention | Secondary Prevention | Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy | Future or Investigational Therapies

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Case #1


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