Hospital-acquired pneumonia causes

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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.D. [2]

Overview

The majority of cases related to various gram-negative bacilli (52%) and S. aureus (19%). Others are Haemophilus spp. (5%). In the ICU results were S. aureus(17.4%), P. aeruginosa (17.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter spp. (18.1%), and Haemophilus influenzae (4.9%). Viruses -influenza and respiratory syncytial virus and, in the immunocompromised host, cytomegalovirus- cause 10-20% of infections.

Etiological agents

Aerobic gram negative pathogens

• Commonly polymicrobial
• Common microbial agents include:
  • Pseudomonas aeruginosa
  • Escherichia coli
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae
  • Acinetobacter

Gram-positive pathogens

• Staphylococcus aureus
• Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (common in patients with diabetes mellitus, head trauma, and in ICU)

Elderly population

• S. aureus
• Enteric gram-negative rods
• Streptococcus pneumoniae
• Pseudomonas