Pulseless electrical activity causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Causes== | |||
Common causes of PEA include preceding [[respiratory failure]] in 40% to 50% of cases, and [[hypovolemia]].These possible causes are remembered as the Hs and Ts.<ref name=ACLS_2003_H_T>''ACLS: Principles and Practice''. p. 71-87. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-341-2.</ref><ref name=ACLS_2003_EP_HT>''ACLS for Experienced Providers''. p. 3-5. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-424-9.</ref><ref name="ECC_2005_7.2">"2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest." ''Circulation'' 2005; '''112''': IV-58 - IV-66.</ref> | |||
* [[Hypovolemia|'''H'''ypovolemia]] | |||
* [[Hypoxia|'''H'''ypoxia]] | |||
* [[Hydrogen|'''H'''ydrogen]] ions ([[Acidosis]]) | |||
* [[Hypothermia|'''H'''ypothermia]] | |||
* [[Hyperkalemia|'''H'''yperkalemia]] or [[Hypokalemia|'''H'''ypokalemia]] | |||
* [[Hypoglycemia|'''H'''ypoglycemia]] | |||
* [[Tablets|'''T'''ablets]] or [[Toxins|'''T'''oxins]] ([[Drug overdose]]) such as [[beta blocker]]s, [[tricyclic antidepressant]]s, or [[calcium channel blockers]] | |||
* [[Cardiac tamponade|Cardiac '''T'''amponade]] | |||
* [[Tension pneumothorax|'''T'''ension pneumothorax]] | |||
* [[Thrombosis|'''T'''hrombosis]] ([[Myocardial infarction]]) | |||
* [[Thrombosis|'''T'''hrombosis]] ([[Pulmonary embolism]]) | |||
* [[Physical trauma|'''T'''rauma]] ([[Hypovolemia]] from [[blood loss]]) | |||
As noted by repeated balloon inflations in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, transient occlusion of the coronary artery does not cause PEA. | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
{{reflist|2}} | {{reflist|2}} | ||
{{WH}} | {{WH}} | ||
{{WS}} | {{WS}} | ||
Revision as of 13:25, 17 September 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Causes
Common causes of PEA include preceding respiratory failure in 40% to 50% of cases, and hypovolemia.These possible causes are remembered as the Hs and Ts.[1][2][3]
- Hypovolemia
- Hypoxia
- Hydrogen ions (Acidosis)
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalemia or Hypokalemia
- Hypoglycemia
- Tablets or Toxins (Drug overdose) such as beta blockers, tricyclic antidepressants, or calcium channel blockers
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Tension pneumothorax
- Thrombosis (Myocardial infarction)
- Thrombosis (Pulmonary embolism)
- Trauma (Hypovolemia from blood loss)
As noted by repeated balloon inflations in the cardiac catheterization laboratory, transient occlusion of the coronary artery does not cause PEA.
References
- ↑ ACLS: Principles and Practice. p. 71-87. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-341-2.
- ↑ ACLS for Experienced Providers. p. 3-5. Dallas: American Heart Association, 2003. ISBN 0-87493-424-9.
- ↑ "2005 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care - Part 7.2: Management of Cardiac Arrest." Circulation 2005; 112: IV-58 - IV-66.