Acute liver failure historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Trey and Davidson coined the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970 to describe this reversible condition of severe liver injury. They described a condition of onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of appearance of first symptoms, and an absence of pre-existing [[liver disease]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Trey C, Davidson CS |title=The management of fulminant hepatic failure |journal=Progress in liver diseases |volume=3 |issue= |pages=282-98 |year=1970 |pmid=4908702 |doi=}}</ref>. | Trey and Davidson coined the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970 to describe this reversible condition of severe liver injury. They described a condition of onset of [[encephalopathy]] within 8 weeks of appearance of first symptoms, and an absence of pre-existing [[liver disease]].<ref>{{cite journal |author=Trey C, Davidson CS |title=The management of fulminant hepatic failure |journal=Progress in liver diseases |volume=3 |issue= |pages=282-98 |year=1970 |pmid=4908702 |doi=}}</ref>. | ||
==Historical Perspective== | ==Historical Perspective== | ||
* Trey and Davidson introduced the term ''fulminant hepatic failure'' in 1970. | * Trey and Davidson introduced the term ''fulminant hepatic failure'' in 1970. | ||
* Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop jaundice to encephalopathy within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | * Later it was suggested that the term ''fulminant'' should be confined to patients who develop [[jaundice]] to [[encephalopathy]] within 2 weeks. Terms ''subfulminant'' hepatic failure and ''late onset'' hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively<ref>{{cite journal |author=Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T, ''et al'' |title=Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=4 |pages=648-51 |year=1986 |pmid=3732998 |doi=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R |title=Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features |journal=Hepatology |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=288-94 |year=1986 |pmid=3082735 |doi=}}</ref>. | ||
* To date no universally accepted nomenclature has been adopted. | * To date no universally accepted nomenclature has been adopted. | ||
* The umbrella term of ''acute liver failure'' was proposed by Kings college group which has been adopted in this article. Paradoxically in this classification the best prognosis is in the ''hyperacute'' group<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sass DA, Shakil AO |title=Fulminant hepatic failure |journal=Liver Transpl. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=594-605 |year=2005 |pmid=15915484 |doi=10.1002/lt.20435}}</ref>. | * The umbrella term of ''acute liver failure'' was proposed by Kings college group which has been adopted in this article. Paradoxically in this classification the best prognosis is in the ''hyperacute'' group<ref>{{cite journal |author=Sass DA, Shakil AO |title=Fulminant hepatic failure |journal=Liver Transpl. |volume=11 |issue=6 |pages=594-605 |year=2005 |pmid=15915484 |doi=10.1002/lt.20435}}</ref>. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Trey and Davidson coined the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970 to describe this reversible condition of severe liver injury. They described a condition of onset of encephalopathy within 8 weeks of appearance of first symptoms, and an absence of pre-existing liver disease.[1].
Historical Perspective
- Trey and Davidson introduced the term fulminant hepatic failure in 1970.
- Later it was suggested that the term fulminant should be confined to patients who develop jaundice to encephalopathy within 2 weeks. Terms subfulminant hepatic failure and late onset hepatic failure were coined for onset between 2 weeks to 3 months and for 8 weeks to 24 weeks respectively[2][3].
- To date no universally accepted nomenclature has been adopted.
- The umbrella term of acute liver failure was proposed by Kings college group which has been adopted in this article. Paradoxically in this classification the best prognosis is in the hyperacute group[4].
References
- ↑ Trey C, Davidson CS (1970). "The management of fulminant hepatic failure". Progress in liver diseases. 3: 282–98. PMID 4908702.
- ↑ Bernuau J, Goudeau A, Poynard T; et al. (1986). "Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in fulminant hepatitis B". Hepatology. 6 (4): 648–51. PMID 3732998.
- ↑ Gimson AE, O'Grady J, Ede RJ, Portmann B, Williams R (1986). "Late onset hepatic failure: clinical, serological and histological features". Hepatology. 6 (2): 288–94. PMID 3082735.
- ↑ Sass DA, Shakil AO (2005). "Fulminant hepatic failure". Liver Transpl. 11 (6): 594–605. doi:10.1002/lt.20435. PMID 15915484.