Antiphospholipid syndrome history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The presence of ''antiphospholipid antibodies'' (aPL) in the absence of blood clots or pregnancy-related complications does not indicate APS (see below for the diagnosis of APS). | The presence of ''antiphospholipid antibodies'' (aPL) in the absence of blood clots or pregnancy-related complications does not indicate APS (see below for the diagnosis of APS). | ||
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Antiphosphilipid syndrome can cause ([[artery|arterial]]/[[vein|venous]]) [[blood clot]]s (in any organ system) or [[pregnancy]]-related complications (especially [[miscarriage]] in the second or third [[trimester]]). In APS patients, the most common venous event is [[deep vein thrombosis]] of the lower extremities (blood clot of the deep veins of the legs) and the most common arterial event is [[stroke]]. | Antiphosphilipid syndrome can cause ([[artery|arterial]]/[[vein|venous]]) [[blood clot]]s (in any organ system) or [[pregnancy]]-related complications (especially [[miscarriage]] in the second or third [[trimester]]). In APS patients, the most common venous event is [[deep vein thrombosis]] of the lower extremities (blood clot of the deep veins of the legs) and the most common arterial event is [[stroke]]. | ||
==History | ==History== | ||
Other common findings, although not part of the APS Classification Criteria, are [[thrombocytopenia]] (low [[platelet]] count), heart valve disease, and [[livedo reticularis]] (a [[skin]] condition). | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
Other common findings, although not part of the APS Classification Criteria, are [[thrombocytopenia]] (low [[platelet]] count), heart valve disease, and [[livedo reticularis]] (a [[skin]] condition). | |||
* Associated sign and symptoms may include: | * Associated sign and symptoms may include: | ||
*:* Major Features: | *:* Major Features: | ||
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*:*:* [[Chorea]] | *:*:* [[Chorea]] | ||
*:*:* Leg [[ulcer]]s | *:*:* Leg [[ulcer]]s | ||
==Less Common Symptoms== | |||
Some patients report [[headache]]s and [[migraine]]s. Antiphospholipid syndrome can rarely mimic [[multiple sclerosis]] with an estimated 10% of patients misdiagnosed. | |||
Very few patients with primary APS go on to develop [[SLE]]. | |||
* Other signs and symptoms include: | * Other signs and symptoms include: | ||
*:* [[Myocardial Infarction]] | *:* [[Myocardial Infarction]] | ||
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[[Category:Rheumatology]] | |||
[[Category:Hematology]] | |||
[[Category:Autoimmune diseases]] | |||
[[Category:Neurology]] | |||
[[Category:Obstetrics]] | |||
[[Category:Syndromes]] | |||
Revision as of 13:03, 29 October 2012
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Antiphospholipid syndrome Microchapters |
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Differentiating Antiphospholipid syndrome from other Diseases |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
The presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in the absence of blood clots or pregnancy-related complications does not indicate APS (see below for the diagnosis of APS).
Antiphosphilipid syndrome can cause (arterial/venous) blood clots (in any organ system) or pregnancy-related complications (especially miscarriage in the second or third trimester). In APS patients, the most common venous event is deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities (blood clot of the deep veins of the legs) and the most common arterial event is stroke.
History
Common Symptoms
Other common findings, although not part of the APS Classification Criteria, are thrombocytopenia (low platelet count), heart valve disease, and livedo reticularis (a skin condition).
- Associated sign and symptoms may include:
- Major Features:
- Venous thrombosis
- Arterial thrombosis
- Thrombocytopenia
- Recurrent fetal loss
- Minor Features:
- Migraine
- Livedo reticularis
- Endocardial valvular vegetations
- Transverse myelopathy
- Chorea
- Leg ulcers
- Major Features:
Less Common Symptoms
Some patients report headaches and migraines. Antiphospholipid syndrome can rarely mimic multiple sclerosis with an estimated 10% of patients misdiagnosed.
Very few patients with primary APS go on to develop SLE.
- Other signs and symptoms include:
- Myocardial Infarction
- Stroke
- Pulmonary embolism
- Amaurosis fugax
- Retinal infarct
- Other visceral infarct
- Peripheral or deep venous occlusion
- Raynaud’s syndrome
- Pulmonary hypertension
- Avascular necrosis
- Recurrent fetal loss (especially in the 2nd or 3rd trimester)
- Pre-eclampsia
- Adrenal insufficiency
- Coomb’s positive hemolysis
- Sudden multi-systemic occlusion (the Catastropic antiphospholipid-antibody syndrome).