Peripheral arterial disease primary prevention: Difference between revisions
/* Smoking Cessation (DO NOT EDIT){{cite journal |author=Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, Rosenfield KA, Sacks D, Stanley JC, Taylor LM, White CJ, White J, White RA,... |
/* Smoking Cessation (DO NOT EDIT){{cite journal |author=Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, Rosenfield KA, Sacks D, Stanley JC, Taylor LM, White CJ, White J, White RA,... |
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| colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]] | | colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:LightGreen"|[[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Classification of Recommendations|Class I]] | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Patients who are smokers or former smokers should be asked about status of tobacco use at every visit.<ref name="pmid7896992">{{cite journal |author=Nides MA, Rakos RF, Gonzales D, Murray RP, Tashkin DP, Bjornson-Benson WM, Lindgren P, Connett JE |title=Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2 years of the Lung Health Study |journal=[[Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=60–9 |year=1995 |month=February |pmid=7896992 |doi= |url=http://content.apa.org/journals/ccp/63/1/60 |accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''1.''' Patients who are smokers or former smokers should be asked about status of tobacco use at every visit.<ref name="pmid7896992">{{cite journal |author=Nides MA, Rakos RF, Gonzales D, Murray RP, Tashkin DP, Bjornson-Benson WM, Lindgren P, Connett JE |title=Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2 years of the Lung Health Study |journal=[[Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology]] |volume=63 |issue=1 |pages=60–9 |year=1995 |month=February |pmid=7896992 |doi= |url=http://content.apa.org/journals/ccp/63/1/60 |accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref><ref name="pmid17296646">{{cite journal |author=Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, Grollmes TL, Cloutier DA, Hilleman DE |title=Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease |journal=[[Chest]] |volume=131 |issue=2 |pages=446–52 |year=2007 |month=February |pmid=17296646 |doi=10.1378/chest.06-1587 |url=http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?doi=10.1378/chest.06-1587 |accessdate=2012-11-05}}</ref> ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | ||
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| bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Patients should be assisted with counseling and developing a plan for quitting that may include pharmacotherapy and/or referral to a smoking cessation program. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> | | bgcolor="LightGreen"|<nowiki>"</nowiki>'''2.''' Patients should be assisted with counseling and developing a plan for quitting that may include pharmacotherapy and/or referral to a smoking cessation program. ''([[ACC AHA guidelines classification scheme#Level of Evidence|Level of Evidence: A]])''<nowiki>"</nowiki> |
Revision as of 20:27, 5 November 2012
Peripheral arterial disease Microchapters |
Differentiating Peripheral arterial disease from other Diseases |
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Diagnosis |
Treatment |
Case Studies |
AHA/ACC Guidelines on Management of Lower Extremity PAD |
Guidelines for Structured Exercise Therapy for Lower Extremity PAD |
Guidelines for Minimizing Tissue Loss in Lower Extremity PAD |
Guidelines for Revascularization of Claudication in Lower Extremity PAD |
Guidelines for Management of Acute Limb Ischemial in Lower Extremity PAD |
Guidelines for Longitudinal Follow-up for Lower Extremity PAD |
Peripheral arterial disease primary prevention On the Web |
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Peripheral arterial disease primary prevention |
Directions to Hospitals Treating Peripheral arterial disease |
Risk calculators and risk factors for Peripheral arterial disease primary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishnu Vardhan Serla M.B.B.S. [2]; Rim Halaby
Overview
As atherosclerosis is the major cause of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors are the same as those of other atherosclerotic diseases. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and smoking are considered as some of the most important modifiable risk factors. Hence, the primary prevention of PAD can be mainly achieved by smoking cessation as well as by the appropriate control of diabetes, blood pressure and lipid profile.
Primary Prevention
Treatment of Co-Existing Medical Conditions
- Diabetes
- Dyslipidemia
- Hypertension
Life Style Modifications
- Exercise
- Healthy diet
- Smoking cessation
- Weight loss in case of obesity
2011 and 2005 ACCF/AHA Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Lower Extremity, Renal, Mesenteric, and Abdominal Aortic) (DO NOT EDIT)[1][2]
Smoking Cessation (DO NOT EDIT)[1][2]
Class I |
"1. Patients who are smokers or former smokers should be asked about status of tobacco use at every visit.[3][4] (Level of Evidence: A)" |
"2. Patients should be assisted with counseling and developing a plan for quitting that may include pharmacotherapy and/or referral to a smoking cessation program. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
"3. Individuals with lower extremity PAD who smoke cigarettes or use other forms of tobacco should be advised by each of their clinicians to stop smoking and offered behavioral and pharmacological treatment. (Level of Evidence: C) " |
"4. In the absence of contraindication or other compelling clinical indication, 1 or more of the following pharmacological therapies should be offered: varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapy. (Level of Evidence: A)" |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Hirsch AT, Haskal ZJ, Hertzer NR, Bakal CW, Creager MA, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Murphy WR, Olin JW, Puschett JB, Rosenfield KA, Sacks D, Stanley JC, Taylor LM, White CJ, White J, White RA, Antman EM, Smith SC, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Gibbons RJ, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B (2006). "ACC/AHA 2005 Practice Guidelines for the management of patients with peripheral arterial disease (lower extremity, renal, mesenteric, and abdominal aortic): a collaborative report from the American Association for Vascular Surgery/Society for Vascular Surgery, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society for Vascular Medicine and Biology, Society of Interventional Radiology, and the ACC/AHA Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Develop Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease): endorsed by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Society for Vascular Nursing; TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus; and Vascular Disease Foundation". Circulation. 113 (11): e463–654. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174526. PMID 16549646. Retrieved 2012-10-09. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 "2011 ACCF/AHA Focused Update of the Guideline for the Management of patients with peripheral artery disease (Updating the 2005 Guideline): a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines". Circulation. 124 (18): 2020–45. 2011. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31822e80c3. PMID 21959305. Retrieved 2012-10-10. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Nides MA, Rakos RF, Gonzales D, Murray RP, Tashkin DP, Bjornson-Benson WM, Lindgren P, Connett JE (1995). "Predictors of initial smoking cessation and relapse through the first 2 years of the Lung Health Study". Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 63 (1): 60–9. PMID 7896992. Retrieved 2012-11-05. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help) - ↑ Mohiuddin SM, Mooss AN, Hunter CB, Grollmes TL, Cloutier DA, Hilleman DE (2007). "Intensive smoking cessation intervention reduces mortality in high-risk smokers with cardiovascular disease". Chest. 131 (2): 446–52. doi:10.1378/chest.06-1587. PMID 17296646. Retrieved 2012-11-05. Unknown parameter
|month=
ignored (help)