Hand-foot-and-mouth disease natural history

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Complications

• Complications from the virus infections that cause HFMD are not common, but if they do occur, medical care should be sought.
• Viral or aseptic meningitis can rarely occur with HFMD. Viral meningitis causes fever, headache, stiff neck, or back pain. The condition is usually mild and clears without treatment; however, some patients may need to be hospitalized for a short time.
• Other more serious diseases, such as encephalitis (swelling of the brain), a polio-like paralysis, result even more rarely. Encephalitis can be fatal.
• There have been reports of fingernail and toenail loss occurring mostly in children within 4 weeks of their having hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). At this time, it is not known whether the reported nail loss is or is not a result of the infection. However, in the reports reviewed, the nail loss has been temporary and nail growth resumed without medical treatment.
• Other complications include (encephalitis, meningitis or acute flaccid paralysis) or pulmonary edema/pulmonary hemorrhage.

Prognosis

Generally, complete recovery occurs in 5 to 7 days.