Ebola primary prevention: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
If transmission of ebola occurs, steps need to be taken to prevent further infection as well as transmission to other people. It is important to be able to prevent subsequent transmission of ebola. | |||
==Primary Prevention== | |||
===Airborne transmission=== | |||
#Place the patient in an isolation room that is not air-conditioned or where air is not circulated to the rest of the health facility. Make sure the room has a door that can be closed. | |||
# Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient and in the patient's room. | |||
# Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. Place a surgical mask on the patient who must be moved. | |||
===Droplet transmission=== | |||
# Place the patient in an isolation room. | |||
# Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient. | |||
# Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. If patient must be moved, place a surgical mask on the patient. | |||
===Contact transmission=== | |||
# Place the patient in an isolation room and limit access. | |||
# Wear gloves during contact with patient and with infectious body fluids or contaminated items. Reinforce handwashing throughout the health facility. | |||
# Wear two layers of protective clothing. | |||
# Limit movement of the patient from the isolation room to other areas. | |||
# Avoid sharing equipment between patients. Designate equipment for each patient, if supplies allow. If sharing equipment is unavoidable, clean and disinfect it before use with the next patient. | |||
===Vaccination=== | |||
Vaccines have been produced for both Ebola <ref name="Jones2005">{{cite journal |last=Jones |first=Steven |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2005 |month= |title=Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses |journal=[[Nature Medicine]] |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=786-790 |doi=10.1038/nm1258 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> and Marburg<ref name="Hevey1998">{{cite journal |last=Hevey |first=M |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=1998 |month= |title=Marburg Virus Vaccines Based upon Alphavirus Replicons Protect Guinea Pigs and Nonhuman Primates |journal=Virology |volume=251 |issue=1 |pages=28-37 |doi=10.1006/viro.1998.9367 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> that were 99% effective in protecting a group of monkeys from the disease. These vaccines are based on either a [[recombinant]] [[Vesicular stomatitis virus]] or a recombinant [[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]<ref name="Sullivan2003">{{cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=Nancy |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2003 |month= |title=Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=424 |issue=6949 |pages=681-684 |doi=10.1038/nature01876 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> carrying the Ebola spikeprotein on its surface. Early human vaccine efforts, like the one at [[NIAID]] in 2003, have so far not reported any successes. The biggest problem with the vaccine is that unless the patient is given it near the onset of the virus (1-4 days after the symptoms begin) then there will be too much damage to the human body to repair, ie: ruptured [[arteries]] and [[capillaries]], [[vomiting]], and other symptoms which may still cause enough harm to kill or seriously traumatize the patient. | Vaccines have been produced for both Ebola <ref name="Jones2005">{{cite journal |last=Jones |first=Steven |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2005 |month= |title=Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses |journal=[[Nature Medicine]] |volume=11 |issue=7 |pages=786-790 |doi=10.1038/nm1258 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> and Marburg<ref name="Hevey1998">{{cite journal |last=Hevey |first=M |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=1998 |month= |title=Marburg Virus Vaccines Based upon Alphavirus Replicons Protect Guinea Pigs and Nonhuman Primates |journal=Virology |volume=251 |issue=1 |pages=28-37 |doi=10.1006/viro.1998.9367 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> that were 99% effective in protecting a group of monkeys from the disease. These vaccines are based on either a [[recombinant]] [[Vesicular stomatitis virus]] or a recombinant [[Adenoviridae|Adenovirus]]<ref name="Sullivan2003">{{cite journal |last=Sullivan |first=Nancy |authorlink= |coauthors=''et al.'' |year=2003 |month= |title=Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |volume=424 |issue=6949 |pages=681-684 |doi=10.1038/nature01876 |url= |accessdate= |quote= }}</ref> carrying the Ebola spikeprotein on its surface. Early human vaccine efforts, like the one at [[NIAID]] in 2003, have so far not reported any successes. The biggest problem with the vaccine is that unless the patient is given it near the onset of the virus (1-4 days after the symptoms begin) then there will be too much damage to the human body to repair, ie: ruptured [[arteries]] and [[capillaries]], [[vomiting]], and other symptoms which may still cause enough harm to kill or seriously traumatize the patient. | ||
Revision as of 18:44, 14 December 2012
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
If transmission of ebola occurs, steps need to be taken to prevent further infection as well as transmission to other people. It is important to be able to prevent subsequent transmission of ebola.
Primary Prevention
Airborne transmission
- Place the patient in an isolation room that is not air-conditioned or where air is not circulated to the rest of the health facility. Make sure the room has a door that can be closed.
- Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient and in the patient's room.
- Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. Place a surgical mask on the patient who must be moved.
Droplet transmission
- Place the patient in an isolation room.
- Wear a HEPA or other biosafety mask when working with the patient.
- Limit movement of the patient from the room to other areas. If patient must be moved, place a surgical mask on the patient.
Contact transmission
- Place the patient in an isolation room and limit access.
- Wear gloves during contact with patient and with infectious body fluids or contaminated items. Reinforce handwashing throughout the health facility.
- Wear two layers of protective clothing.
- Limit movement of the patient from the isolation room to other areas.
- Avoid sharing equipment between patients. Designate equipment for each patient, if supplies allow. If sharing equipment is unavoidable, clean and disinfect it before use with the next patient.
Vaccination
Vaccines have been produced for both Ebola [1] and Marburg[2] that were 99% effective in protecting a group of monkeys from the disease. These vaccines are based on either a recombinant Vesicular stomatitis virus or a recombinant Adenovirus[3] carrying the Ebola spikeprotein on its surface. Early human vaccine efforts, like the one at NIAID in 2003, have so far not reported any successes. The biggest problem with the vaccine is that unless the patient is given it near the onset of the virus (1-4 days after the symptoms begin) then there will be too much damage to the human body to repair, ie: ruptured arteries and capillaries, vomiting, and other symptoms which may still cause enough harm to kill or seriously traumatize the patient.
References
- ↑ Jones, Steven (2005). "Live attenuated recombinant vaccine protects nonhuman primates against Ebola and Marburg viruses". Nature Medicine. 11 (7): 786–790. doi:10.1038/nm1258. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Hevey, M (1998). "Marburg Virus Vaccines Based upon Alphavirus Replicons Protect Guinea Pigs and Nonhuman Primates". Virology. 251 (1): 28–37. doi:10.1006/viro.1998.9367. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help) - ↑ Sullivan, Nancy (2003). "Accelerated vaccination for Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever in non-human primates". Nature. 424 (6949): 681–684. doi:10.1038/nature01876. Unknown parameter
|coauthors=ignored (help)