Filariasis medical therapy: Difference between revisions
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The recommended treatment for patients outside the United States is [[albendazole]] (a broad spectrum [[anthelmintic]]) combined with [[ivermectin]].<ref name="CDC">{{Citation|author=U.S. Centers for Disease Control|title= Lymphatic Filariasis Treatment|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/treatment_lymphatic_filar.htm|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref> A combination of [[diethylcarbamazine]] (DEC) and albendazole is also effective. All of these treatments are microfilaricides; they have no effect on the adult worms. | The recommended treatment for patients outside the United States is [[albendazole]] (a broad spectrum [[anthelmintic]]) combined with [[ivermectin]].<ref name="CDC">{{Citation|author=U.S. Centers for Disease Control|title= Lymphatic Filariasis Treatment|url=http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dpd/parasites/lymphaticfilariasis/treatment_lymphatic_filar.htm|accessdate=2008-07-17}}</ref> A combination of [[diethylcarbamazine]] (DEC) and albendazole is also effective. All of these treatments are microfilaricides; they have no effect on the adult worms. | ||
==Medical Therapy== | ==Medical Therapy== | ||
Different drugs are recommended for the treatment of filariasis depending on the specific causal agent. | |||
===Lymphatic filariasis=== | |||
Medicines to treat lymphatic filariasis are most effective when used soon after infection, but they do have some toxic side effects. In addition, the disease is difficult to detect early. Therefore, improved treatments and laboratory tests are needed. | Medicines to treat lymphatic filariasis are most effective when used soon after infection, but they do have some toxic side effects. In addition, the disease is difficult to detect early. Therefore, improved treatments and laboratory tests are needed. | ||
Once Filaria is attacked, the patients are likely to get fever once in a year or two with shivering. They are also administered Florocid injections. | Once Filaria is attacked, the patients are likely to get fever once in a year or two with shivering. They are also administered Florocid injections. | ||
===Antibiotics as a possible treatment=== | ====Antibiotics as a possible treatment==== | ||
In 2003 it was suggested that the common antibiotic [[doxycycline]] might be effective in treating elephantiasis.<ref name="MedMicrobiolImmunol2003-Hoerauf">{{cite journal | author=Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, Pfarr KM, Adjei O, Buttner DW | title=Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production | journal=Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) | year=2003 | pages=211-6 | volume=192 | issue=4 | id=PMID 12684759}}</ref> | In 2003 it was suggested that the common antibiotic [[doxycycline]] might be effective in treating elephantiasis.<ref name="MedMicrobiolImmunol2003-Hoerauf">{{cite journal | author=Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, Pfarr KM, Adjei O, Buttner DW | title=Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production | journal=Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl) | year=2003 | pages=211-6 | volume=192 | issue=4 | id=PMID 12684759}}</ref> | ||
The parasites responsible for filariasis have a population of symbiotic bacteria, [[Wolbachia]], that live inside the worm. When the symbiotic bacteria are killed by the antibiotic, the worms themselves also die. | The parasites responsible for filariasis have a population of symbiotic bacteria, [[Wolbachia]], that live inside the worm. When the symbiotic bacteria are killed by the antibiotic, the worms themselves also die. | ||
Clinical trials in June 2005 by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine reported that an 8 week course almost completely eliminated microfilariaemia.<ref name="Lancet2005-Taylor">{{cite journal | author=Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, Turner JD, Mand S, Hoerauf A | title=Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial | journal=Lancet | year=2005 | pages=2116-21 | volume=365 |issue=9477 | id=PMID 15964448}}</ref><ref name="JYI2005-Outland">{{cite news | first=Katrina | last=Outland | url=http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=361 |title=New Treatment for Elephantitis: Antibiotics | publisher=The Journal of Young Investigators | date=2005 Volume 13 }}</ref> | Clinical trials in June 2005 by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine reported that an 8 week course almost completely eliminated microfilariaemia.<ref name="Lancet2005-Taylor">{{cite journal | author=Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, Turner JD, Mand S, Hoerauf A | title=Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial | journal=Lancet | year=2005 | pages=2116-21 | volume=365 |issue=9477 | id=PMID 15964448}}</ref><ref name="JYI2005-Outland">{{cite news | first=Katrina | last=Outland | url=http://www.jyi.org/news/nb.php?id=361 |title=New Treatment for Elephantitis: Antibiotics | publisher=The Journal of Young Investigators | date=2005 Volume 13 }}</ref> | ||
===Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (Hetrazan)=== | ====Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (Hetrazan)==== | ||
The good drugs of choice for killing adult filarial worm are Albendazole (broad spectrum anti-helminthic) and Ivermectin. A combination of DEC & Albendazole or DEC & Ivermectin is found more effective | The good drugs of choice for killing adult filarial worm are Albendazole (broad spectrum anti-helminthic) and Ivermectin. A combination of DEC & Albendazole or DEC & Ivermectin is found more effective | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The recommended treatment for patients outside the United States is albendazole (a broad spectrum anthelmintic) combined with ivermectin.[1] A combination of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole is also effective. All of these treatments are microfilaricides; they have no effect on the adult worms.
Medical Therapy
Different drugs are recommended for the treatment of filariasis depending on the specific causal agent.
Lymphatic filariasis
Medicines to treat lymphatic filariasis are most effective when used soon after infection, but they do have some toxic side effects. In addition, the disease is difficult to detect early. Therefore, improved treatments and laboratory tests are needed.
Once Filaria is attacked, the patients are likely to get fever once in a year or two with shivering. They are also administered Florocid injections.
Antibiotics as a possible treatment
In 2003 it was suggested that the common antibiotic doxycycline might be effective in treating elephantiasis.[2] The parasites responsible for filariasis have a population of symbiotic bacteria, Wolbachia, that live inside the worm. When the symbiotic bacteria are killed by the antibiotic, the worms themselves also die. Clinical trials in June 2005 by the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine reported that an 8 week course almost completely eliminated microfilariaemia.[3][4]
Diethylcarbamazine Citrate (Hetrazan)
The good drugs of choice for killing adult filarial worm are Albendazole (broad spectrum anti-helminthic) and Ivermectin. A combination of DEC & Albendazole or DEC & Ivermectin is found more effective
References
- ↑ U.S. Centers for Disease Control, Lymphatic Filariasis Treatment, retrieved 2008-07-17
- ↑ Hoerauf A, Mand S, Fischer K, Kruppa T, Marfo-Debrekyei Y, Debrah AY, Pfarr KM, Adjei O, Buttner DW (2003). "Doxycycline as a novel strategy against bancroftian filariasis-depletion of Wolbachia endosymbionts from Wuchereria bancrofti and stop of microfilaria production". Med Microbiol Immunol (Berl). 192 (4): 211–6. PMID 12684759.
- ↑ Taylor MJ, Makunde WH, McGarry HF, Turner JD, Mand S, Hoerauf A (2005). "Macrofilaricidal activity after doxycycline treatment of Wuchereria bancrofti: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial". Lancet. 365 (9477): 2116–21. PMID 15964448.
- ↑ Outland, Katrina (2005 Volume 13). "New Treatment for Elephantitis: Antibiotics". The Journal of Young Investigators. Check date values in:
|date=(help)