Congenital syphilis epidemiology and demographics

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kalsang Dolma, M.B.B.S.[2]

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Prevalence

• During 2005--2008, Congenital Syphilis rates increased primarily in the South (from 9.6 per 100,000 live births to 15.7) and among infants born to black mothers (from 26.6 per 100,000 live births to 34.6).[3]

• After an 18% increase in the rate of congenital syphilis during 2006–2008, the rate of congenital syphilis decreased during 2009–2010 (from 9.9 to 8.7 cases per 100,000 live births). In 2010, a total of 377 cases were reported, a decrease from 429 cases in 2009 and 446 cases in 2008. This recent decrease in the rate of congenital syphilis is associated with the decrease in the rate of P&S syphilis among women that has occurred since 2008 [4]

Race

• From 2005 to 2008, most of the increase in CS cases and CS rate occurred among infants born to black mothers. The number of cases in this population increased from 156 in 2005 to 215 in 2008, and the CS rate increased 30%, from 26.6 per 100,000 live births in 2005 to 34.6 in 2008 (Table 1). The increase in rates among infants born to black mothers was observed primarily in the South. In 2005, 79 (51%) of the 156 infants with CS born to black mothers were born in the South; that percentage increased to 75% (162 of 215 infants) in 2008.

• From 2005 to 2008, the CS rate among infants born to Hispanic mothers increased 2%, from 12.6 per 100,000 live births to 12.8. The rate among infants born to white mothers increased 115%, from 1.3 per 100,000 live births to 2.8; however, the number of cases was small (31 in 2005 and 65 in 2008). In 2008, infants of black mothers accounted for 50% of CS cases, infants of Hispanic mothers accounted for 31% of cases, and infants of white, Asian/Pacific Islander, and American Indian/Alaskan Native mothers accounted for 15%, 2%, and 1%, respectively.