Sinoatrial arrest causes: Difference between revisions
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===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ===Causes in Alphabetical Order=== | ||
*[[Acetylcholine]] | *[[Acetylcholine]] | ||
*[[Alfentanil]] - [[nitrous oxide]] anesthesia | |||
*[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]] | *[[Carotid sinus hypersensitivity]] | ||
*[[Cough]] related [[syncope]] in patients with [[sick sinus syndrome]] | *[[Cough]] related [[syncope]] in patients with [[sick sinus syndrome]] |
Revision as of 17:06, 4 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Sinus arrest is fairly uncommon. It can be observed in the setting of myocardial disease (myocarditis) and ischemia or infarction (particularly acute inferior or posterior ST segment elevation MI). It can be a manifestation of digitalis or lidocaine toxicity.
Causes
Common Causes
- Acetylcholine
- Digitalis including digitalis toxicity
- Hyperkalemia
- Decreased P wave amplitude occurs when the K is > 7.0 meq/li
- P waves may be absent when the K is > 8.8 meq/li
- The impulses are still being generated in the SA node and are conducted to the ventricles through specialized atrial fibers without depolarizing the atrial muscle
- Moderate or sever hyperkalemia can cause sinus arrest [1]
- Lidocaine
- Myocarditis
- Quinidine
- Sleep apnea
- ST elevation myocardial infarction particularly inferior myocardial infarctions and posterior infarctions.
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | Cough related syncope in patients with sick sinus syndrome, Myocarditis, Obstruction of artery to SA node during PCI, Sinus node degenration, ST elevation myocardial infarction |
Chemical / poisoning | No underlying causes |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Acetylcholine, Digitalis, Lidocaine, Quinidine |
Ear Nose Throat | No underlying causes |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | Endotracheal intubation due to heightened vagal tone, Alfentanil - nitrous oxide anesthesia |
Infectious Disease | No underlying causes |
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | No underlying causes |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional / Metabolic | Hyperkalemia |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | Sleep apnea |
Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | No underlying causes |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Dental | No underlying causes |
Miscellaneous | Carotid sinus hypersensitivity, Vagal reaction |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
- Acetylcholine
- Alfentanil - nitrous oxide anesthesia
- Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
- Cough related syncope in patients with sick sinus syndrome
- Digitalis including digitalis toxicity
- Endotracheal intubation due to heightened vagal tone
- Hyperkalemia
- Lidocaine
- Myocarditis
- Obstruction of artery to SA node during PCI
- Quinidine
- Sinus node degeneration
- Sleep apnea
- ST elevation myocardial infarction
- Vagal reaction
References
- ↑ Bonvini RF, Hendiri T, Anwar A (2006). "Sinus arrest and moderate hyperkalemia". Annales De Cardiologie Et D'angéiologie. 55 (3): 161–3. PMID 16792034. Unknown parameter
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