Kidney stone laboratory findings

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Clinical diagnosis is usually made on the basis of the location and severity of the pain, which is typically colic in nature (comes and goes in spasmodic waves).

Laboratory tests

• Urinalysis
  • Proteinuria
  • Hematuria
  • Pyuria
  • Bacteriuria
  • Cellular casts and crystals
• Culture of a urine sample to exclude urine infection (either as a differential cause of the patient's pain, or secondary to the presence of a stone)
• Blood tests:
  • Raised white cell count (Neutrophilia) suggestive of infection,
  • Renal function and to look for abnormally high blood calcium blood levels (hypercalcaemia).
• 24 hour urine collection to measure total daily urinary volume, magnesium, sodium, uric acid, calcium, citrate, oxalate and phosphate.