Hyponatremia overview: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The [[electrolyte disturbance]] '''hyponatremia''' exists in humans when the [[sodium]] (''Natrium'' in [[Latin]]) concentration in the [[blood plasma|plasma]] falls below 130 mmol/L. At lower levels [[water intoxication]] may result, an urgently dangerous condition. Hyponatremia is an abnormality that can occur in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses. | The [[electrolyte disturbance]] '''hyponatremia''' exists in humans when the [[sodium]] (''Natrium'' in [[Latin]]) concentration in the [[blood plasma|plasma]] falls below 130 mmol/L. At lower levels [[water intoxication]] may result, an urgently dangerous condition. Hyponatremia is an abnormality that can occur in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | |||
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Its frequency is higher in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. The incidence of hyponatremia depends largely on the patient population. A hospital incidence of 15–20% is common, while only 3–5% of patients who are hospitalized have a serum sodium level of less than 130 mEq/L. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 30% of elderly patients in nursing homes and is also present in approximately 30% of depressed patients on [[selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor]]s.<ref name="autogenerated185">Schrier, Robert W. "Does 'asymptomatic hyponatremia' exist?" Nature Reviews Nephrology. Vol 6, Apr 2010; p 185.</ref> | |||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Revision as of 22:35, 20 February 2013
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
The electrolyte disturbance hyponatremia exists in humans when the sodium (Natrium in Latin) concentration in the plasma falls below 130 mmol/L. At lower levels water intoxication may result, an urgently dangerous condition. Hyponatremia is an abnormality that can occur in isolation or, as most often is the case, as a complication of other medical illnesses.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder. Its frequency is higher in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. The incidence of hyponatremia depends largely on the patient population. A hospital incidence of 15–20% is common, while only 3–5% of patients who are hospitalized have a serum sodium level of less than 130 mEq/L. Hyponatremia has been reported in up to 30% of elderly patients in nursing homes and is also present in approximately 30% of depressed patients on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.[1]
Risk Factors
Hyponatremia is more frequent in females, the elderly, and in patients who are hospitalized. [1]
Treatment
Primary Prevention
Treating the condition that is causing hyponatremia can help. If you play any sports, drink fluids that contain electrolytes (sports drinks). Drinking only water while you take part in high-energy athletic events can lead to acute hyponatremia.