Odynophagia

Odynophagia Microchapters
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Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Odynophagia from other Conditions
Epidemiology and Demographics
Screening
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Chest X Ray
CT
MRI
Echocardiography or Ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
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Case #1
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2]

Synonyms and keywords: painful swallowing, pain during swallowing

Symptoms to Differentiate Odynophagia From

• Dysphagia is defined as difficulty in swallowing

Diagnosis

Laboratory Findings

Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies

• Creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) can be used to rule out cardiac ischemia as a cause.

Electrocardiogram

Can be used to assess for left atrial enlargement.

Chest X Ray

Can used to rule out lung cancer and other mass lesions as well as left atrial enlargement.

MRI and CT

• MRI of brain can be used to exclude CVA and mass lesions of the head and neck.

Echocardiography or Ultrasound

Can be used to rule out an aneurysm or left atrial enlargement as a cause.

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD)
• Biopsy
• Barium swallow
• Electromyogram (EMG)
• Nerve conduction tests
• Esophageal manometry

Treatment

• Endoscopy (acute and chronic mechanical obstructions)
• Speech therapy (ALS and stroke patients)

Pharmacotherapy

• Proton pump inhibitors or promotility agents, weight loss, avoidance of offending foods (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
• Anticholinergics (ALS, stroke, lower esophageal spasms)
• Muscarinic agents (myasthenia gravis)
• Glucocorticoids (myasthenia gravis and polymyositis)
• Antispasmodics, botulinum toxin injection (lower esophageal spasm)

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

• Thoracic surgery, possible balloon dilation (chronic mechanical obstruction)

References

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