Dehydration causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]

Causes

Common Causes

In humans, dehydration can be caused by a wide range of diseases and states that impair water homeostasis in the body. These include:

• External or stress-related causes
  • Prolonged physical activity without consuming adequate water, especially in a hot and/or humid environment
  • Prolonged exposure to dry air, e.g., in high-flying airplanes (5-15% r.h.)
  • Survival situations, especially desert survival conditions
  • Blood loss or hypotension due to physical trauma
  • Diarrhea
  • Hyperthermia
  • Shock (hypovolemic)
  • Vomiting
  • Burns
  • Lacrimation

• Infectious diseases
  • Cholera
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Shigellosis
  • Yellow fever

• Malnutrition
  • Electrolyte disturbance
    • Hypernatremia (also caused by dehydration)
    • Hyponatremia, especially from restricted salt diets
  • Consumption of alcohol, caffeine or other diuretic substances.
  • Fasting
  • Recent rapid weight loss may reflect progressive depletion of fluid volume. (The loss of 1 L of fluid results in a weight loss of 1 kg, or 2.2 lb.)
  • Patient refusal of nutrition and hydration

• Other causes of obligate water loss
  • Severe hyperglycemia, especially in Diabetes mellitus
    • Glycosuria