Knee pain/swelling causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Saumya Easaw, M.B.B.S.[3]

Causes

Common Causes

Acute Knee Pain

• Ligament injuries
• Tendon injuries (tendinitis)
• Meniscus injuries
• Loose body
• Dislocated kneecap
• Osgood-Schlatter disease
• Iliotibial band syndrome
• Hyperextended knee
• Septic arthritis

Chronic Knee Pain

• Rheumatoid arthritis
• Osteoarthritis
• Gout
• Chondromalacia of the patella, or patellofemoral pain

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical / poisoning	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	Erythema nodosum, Sarcoidosis, Psoriasis
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets, Sarcoidosis, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Crohn's disease
Genetic	Ankylosing Spondylitis, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5, Fairbanks disease, Handigodu Syndrome, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemophilia, Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome, Juvenile Paget's Disease, Paget's disease of bone, Paget's disease, type 1, Paget's disease, type 4, Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia, Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis, TAR syndrome, Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets, Crohn's disease, Pyrophosphate arthropathy, Trochlear dysplasia, Sarcoidosis, Rheumatoid arthritis
Hematologic	Acute leukemia, Bleeding disorders, Hemarthrosis, Leukemia, Hemoglobinopathies, Hemophilia, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, TAR syndrome
Iatrogenic	Arthroscopic lavage
Infectious Disease	Clutton's joints, Congenital syphilis, Knee arthritis, Knee bacterial infection, Knee infection, Knee inflammation, Lyme disease, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint, Pyarthrosis, Pyogenic infection, Septic arthritis, Yersiniosis, Tendinitis, Viral infection, Synovitis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Anterior cruciate ligament injury, Arthritis, Baker's cyst, Brodie knee, Bursitis, Chondromalacia patellae, Dislocated knee, Dislocated patella, Fallen arches, Femoral condyle fracture, Fractured patella, Fractured tibial plateau, Gait problems, Gout, Gram's syndrome, Hip dislocation, Hip injury, Hip Replacement, Intermittent hydrarthrosis, Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome, Knee cyst, [Knee tumor, Knock knees, Lipoarthritis, Lipoma arborescens, Medial ligament injury, Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy, Meniscal cyst, Meniscus injury, Osgood-Schlatter's disease, Osteoarthritis, Osteochondritis dissecans, Osteochondroma, Osteochondrosis, Osteosarcoma, Patellar tendinitis, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome, Pigmented villonodular synovitis, Plica Syndrome, Popliteal cyst, Prepatellar bursitis, Psoriasis, Pyrophosphate arthropathy, Reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Sciatica, Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease, Spinal cord injury, Strength training, Supracondylar femur fracture, Synovial chondromatosis, Synovial osteochondromatosis, Synovial plica syndrome, Synovioma, Synovitis, Tendinitis, Torn ligament, Trauma, Trochlear dysplasia, Viral infection, Weak ankles, Weight training, Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3, Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5, Fairbanks disease, Handigodu Syndrome, Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome, Juvenile Paget's Disease, Paget's disease of bone, Paget's disease, type 1, Paget's disease, type 4, Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome, Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda, Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis, TAR syndrome, Hemarthrosis, Clutton's joints, Knee arthritis, Knee bacterial infection, Knee infection, Knee inflammation, Lyme disease, Pyogenic infection, Yersiniosis, Scurvy, Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis, Inflammatory arthritis, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still's disease, Hoffa's disease, Housemaid's knee, Knee fracture, Knee overuse, Knee sprain, Knee strain, Knee tendinitis, Orthopedic cast, Hypophosphatemic rickets, Rickets
Neurologic	Gait problems, Sciatica, Spinal cord injury, Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint
Nutritional / Metabolic	Scurvy, Gout, Juvenile Paget's Disease
Obstetric/Gynecologic	Congenital syphilis, Clutton's joints
Oncologic	Malignant bone tumor, Acute leukemia, Leukemia, Gram's syndrome, Knee tumor, Osteochondroma, Osteosarcoma, Synovioma
Opthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis
Renal / Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Common variable immunodeficiency, Henoch-Schönlein purpura, Inflammatory arthritis, Juvenile chronic arthritis, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis, Still's disease, Erythema nodosum, Osteochondrosis, Psoriasis, Reactive arthritis, Reiter’s syndrome, Rheumatoid arthritis, Seronegative spondyloarthropathy, Synovitis, Crohn's disease, Tendinitis, Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis, Handigodu Syndrome, Knee arthritis, Gout, Gram's syndrome, Sarcoidosis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Hoffa's disease, Housemaid's knee, Iliotibial band friction syndrome, Knee fracture, Knee overuse, Knee sprain, Knee strain, Knee tendinitis, Orthopedic cast, Bursitis, Chondromalacia patellae, Cruciate injury, Dislocated knee, Dislocated patella, Fallen arches, Femoral condyle fracture, Fractured patella, Fractured tibial plateau, Hip dislocation, Hip injury, Hip Replacement, Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome, Medial ligament injury, Meniscus injury, Patellar tendinitis, Patello-femoral pain syndrome, Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome, Prepatellar bursitis, Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease, Supracondylar femur fracture, Torn ligament
Urologic	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acute gouty arthritis
• Acute leukemia
• Adult Still's Disease
• Ankylosing Spondylitis - knee arthritis
• Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury
• Arthritis
• Arthroscopic lavage
• Baker's cyst
• Bleeding disorders
• Bone, ligament or cartilage damage
• Brodie knee
• Bursitis
• Chondromalacia patellae
• Chronic gouty arthritis
• Clutton's joints
• Common variable immunodeficiency
• Congenital syphilis
• Crohn's disease
• Discoid meniscus
• Dislocated knee
• Dislocated patella
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 2
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 3
• Epiphyseal dysplasia, multiple, 5
• Erythema nodosum
• Fairbanks disease
• Fallen arches
• Femoral condyle fracture
• Fractured patella
• Fractured tibial plateau
• Gait problems
• Gonococcal pyarthrosis
• Gonococcemia
• Gram's syndrome
• Handigodu Syndrome
• Hemarthrosis
• Hemoglobinopathies
• Hemophilia
• Henoch-Schönlein purpura
• Hip dislocation
• Hip injury
• Hip or foot/ankle disease with referred pain to the knee
• Hip Replacement
• Hoffa's disease
• Housemaid's knee
• Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy periostitis
• Hypophosphatemic rickets

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• Iliotibial band friction syndrome
• Iliotibial Band Syndrome
• Inflammatory arthritis
• Intermittent hydrarthrosis
• Jaffe-Lichtenstein-Sutro syndrome
• Johansson-Sinding-Larsen syndrome
• Joint effusion
• Joint infection
• Juvenile chronic arthritis
• Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
• Juvenile Paget's Disease
• Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Knee arthritis
• Knee bacterial infection
• Knee cyst
• Knee fracture
• Knee infection
• Knee inflammation
• Knee overuse
• Knee sprain
• Knee strain
• Knee tendinitis
• Knee tumor
• Knock knees
• Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury
• Leukemia
• Lipoarthritis
• Lipoma arborescens
• Lyme disease
• Malignancy
• Malignant bone tumor
• Medial collateral ligament (MCL) injury
• Meniscal cartilage replacement therapy
• Meniscal cyst
• Meniscus tear
• Neuropathic (Charcot's) knee joint
• Orthopedic cast
• Osgood-Schlatter Disease
• Osteoarthritis
• Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
• Osteochondroma
• Osteochondrosis
• Osteomyelitis
• Osteosarcoma
• Paget's disease of bone
• Paget's disease, type 1
• Paget's disease, type 4

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• Patellar tendinitis
• Patellofemoral syndrome
• Pellegrini-Stieda syndrome
• Pes anserine bursitis
• Pigmented villonodular synovitis
• Plica Syndrome
• Popliteal cyst
• Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury
• Prepatellar bursitis
• Pseudogout
• Psoriatic arthritis
• Pyarthrosis
• Pyogenic infection
• Pyrophosphate arthropathy
• Reactive arthritis
• Reiter's Syndrome
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Rickets
• Sarcoidosis
• Sciatica
• Scleroderma
• Scurvy
• Septic arthritis
• Seronegative spondyloarthropathy
• Sinding Larsen-Johannson disease
• Singh-Williams-McAlister, syndrome
• Spinal cord injury
• Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda
• Strength training
• Supracondylar femur fracture
• Synovial chondromatosis
• Synovial osteochondromatosis
• Synovial plica syndrome
• Synovioma
• Synovitis
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
• Talo-patello-scaphoid osteolysis
• TAR syndrome
• Tendinitis
• Torn ligament
• Trauma
• Trochlear dysplasia
• Viral infection
• Weak ankles
• Weight training
• Yersiniosis

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