Hyperventilation syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Govindavarjhulla, M.B.B.S. [2],Farman Khan, MD, MRCP [3]

History

Patients should be asked about frequency and duration of episodes.Patients with HVS have intermittent symptoms.Patients whose symptoms are not intermittent should not be considered as having hyperventilation syndrome.Patients should be asked about exertional symptoms, Absence of these symptoms is often helpful to exclude chronic pulmonary disease and cardiac conditions.Patients should also be asked about precipitants, and relievers.

Further informations helpful in history include:

• Detail history about shortness of breath.
• Past medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, or high cholesterol
• Medication history
• Pain - onset, duration and prgoression.
• Associated symptoms.

Symptoms

Patients with HVS have both Somatic, Psychological signs and symptoms.

Somatic symptoms include

• Belching
• Bloating
• Chest pain
• Confusion
• Dizziness
• Dry mouth
• Lightheadedness
• Muscle spasms in hands and feet
• Numbness and tingling in the arms or around the mouth
• Palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Sleep disturbances
• Weakness
• Carpopedal spasm

Carpopedal spasm, has been described in the original clinical reports of hyperventilation attacks and is still considered a feature of the HVS. The respiratory alkalosis leads to changes in the way the nervous system fires and leads to the paresthesia, dizziness, and perceptual changes that often accompany this condition. Patients with hyperventilation syndrome, might not be aware that they are breathing fast.

Psychological symptoms

• Anxiety

• Fear

• Sense of impending doom