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{{Pancytopenia}}
{{Pancytopenia}}
{{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}
{{CMG}}'''; Associate Editor-In-Chief:''' {{CZ}}


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Increasingly, [[HIV]] ([[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]) is itself a cause for [[pancytopenia]].
Increasingly, [[HIV]] ([[Human Immunodeficiency Virus]]) is itself a cause for [[pancytopenia]].
Rarely, drugs (antibiotics, anti hypertensive medication, heart medication) can cause [[pancytopenia]].
Rarely, drugs (antibiotics, anti hypertensive medication, heart medication) can cause [[pancytopenia]].


[[Pancytopenia]] usually requires a [[bone marrow]] [[biopsy]] in order to distinguish among different causes.
[[Pancytopenia]] usually requires a [[bone marrow]] [[biopsy]] in order to distinguish among different causes.


==Common Causes of Pancytopenia==
==Causes==
 
===Common Causes===


# [[Aplastic anemia]]
# [[Aplastic anemia]]
# [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
# [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
# [[Leukemia]]
# [[Leukemia]]
# [[Leishmaniasis]]
# [[Leishmaniasis]]
# Severe [[Folate]] or [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]  
# Severe [[Folate]] or [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]  
# [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] ([[Urine test]])
# [[Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria]] ([[Urine test]])
# Finally overwhelming [[viral infection]]s ([[HIV]] most common).


# Finally overwhelming [[viral infection]]s ([[HIV]] most common)


===Causes by Organ System===
===Causes by Organ System===
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dental'''
| '''Dental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Dermatologic'''
| '''Dermatologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|Phenylbutazone , [[phenacemide ]] , [[Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] , [[indomethacin ]] , [[Idarubicin]] , [[Gold ]] , [[Flucytosine]] , [[Doxorubicin]] , [[Cytotoxic drugs]] and [[radiation ]] , [[Colchicine toxicity]] , [[Clomipramine]] , [[Chloramphenicol]] , [[Carboplatin]] , [[carbamazepine]] , Busulphan , [[Azathioprine]] , [[Auranofin]] , [[Arsenicals]] , Alkylators  , [[Alkylating antineoplastic agent]] , [[Alemtuzumab]] , [[Albendazole]] , Aclarubicin , [[ sulfonamides ]] , [[ propylthiouracil ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|Phenylbutazone , [[phenacemide ]] , [[Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs]] , [[indomethacin ]] , [[Idarubicin]] , [[Gold ]] , [[Flucytosine]] , [[Doxorubicin]] , [[Cytotoxic drugs]] and [[radiation ]] , [[Colchicine toxicity]] , [[Clomipramine]] , [[Chloramphenicol]] , [[Carboplatin]] , [[carbamazepine]] , Busulphan , [[Azathioprine]] , [[Auranofin]] , [[Arsenicals]] , Alkylators  , [[Alkylating antineoplastic agent]] , [[Alemtuzumab]] , [[Albendazole]] , Aclarubicin , [[ sulfonamides ]] , [[ propylthiouracil ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Tobacco]] use  , Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene)
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Tobacco]] use  , Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene)
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Portal hypertension]] , Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]] , [[ Hepatitis ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Portal hypertension]] , Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]] , [[ Hepatitis ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]] , [[Trisomy 8]] mosaicism  , Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency , [[Niemann-Pick disease]] , [[Neurofibromatosis 1]] , Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null) , Mutagen exposure  , [[Glutathione]] synthase deficiency , Genotoxic therapy  , [[Fanconi anaemia]] , [[Familial]] monosomy 7  , [[Down syndrome ]] , DNA repair deficiencies  , Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin , [[Chediak-Higashi disease]] , [[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]] , [[Trisomy 8]] mosaicism  , Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency , [[Niemann-Pick disease]] , [[Neurofibromatosis 1]] , Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null) , Mutagen exposure  , [[Glutathione]] synthase deficiency , Genotoxic therapy  , [[Fanconi anaemia]] , [[Familial]] monosomy 7  , [[Down syndrome ]] , DNA repair deficiencies  , Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin , [[Chediak-Higashi disease]] , [[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Hematologic'''
| '''Hematologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Sickle cell disease]] , Reticular dysgenesis , [[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]] , [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] , Myelpathic [[anemia]],
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Sickle cell disease]] , Reticular dysgenesis , [[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]] , [[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]] , Myelpathic [[anemia]],
[[Myeloma]] , [[Myelofibrosis]] , [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]] , [[Megaloblastic anaemia]] , [[Malignant histiocytosis]] , Leucoerythroblastic [[anaemia]] ,
[[Myeloma]] , [[Myelofibrosis]] , [[Myelodysplastic syndrome]] , [[Megaloblastic anaemia]] , [[Malignant histiocytosis]] , Leucoerythroblastic [[anaemia]] ,
Large granular [[lymphocytic leukemia]] , [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] , Ineffective erythropoiesis , Hypoplastic [[myelodysplastic syndromes ]] ,
Large granular [[lymphocytic leukemia]] , [[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]] , Ineffective erythropoiesis , Hypoplastic [[myelodysplastic syndromes ]] ,
[[Hypersplenism]] , [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] , [[Histiocytosis X]] , [[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]] , [[Hemoglobin H disease]] , Hematopoietic cell transplantation , [[Hairy cell leukaemia]] , [[Haemoglobin SC disease]] , [[Haemoglobin E disease]] , [[Graft versus host disease]] , Familial [[myelofibrosis]], Familial histiocytic reticulosis, [[Eosinophilic fasciitis ]] , [[Cyclical neutropenia]] , Congenital [[neutropenia]] (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) , [[Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia]] , [[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]] , [[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]] , Bleeding (Excessive), [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 2 , [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1 , [[Aplastic anemia]] , Amegakaryocytic [[thrombocytopenia ]] , [[Aggressive NK-cell leukemia]], [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
[[Hypersplenism]] , [[Hodgkin lymphoma]] , [[Histiocytosis X]] , [[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]] , [[Hemoglobin H disease]] , Hematopoietic cell transplantation , [[Hairy cell leukaemia]] , [[Haemoglobin SC disease]] , [[Haemoglobin E disease]] , [[Graft versus host disease]] , Familial [[myelofibrosis]], Familial histiocytic reticulosis, [[Eosinophilic fasciitis ]] , [[Cyclical neutropenia]] , Congenital [[neutropenia]] (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) , [[Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia]] , [[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]] , [[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]] , Bleeding (Excessive), [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 2 , [[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome]] type 1 , [[Aplastic anemia]] , Amegakaryocytic [[thrombocytopenia ]] , [[Aggressive NK-cell leukemia]], [[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Iatrogenic'''
| '''Iatrogenic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Infectious Disease'''
| '''Infectious Disease'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Q fever]] , [[Parvovirus B19]] infection  , Oklahoma tick fever , [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] , [[Legionella pneumophila]] , [[Lassa fever]] , [[Human immunodeficiency virus ]] , [[Epstein-Barr virus]] Seronegative ,  [[Dengue]] , [[Brucellosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Q fever]] , [[Parvovirus B19]] infection  , Oklahoma tick fever , [[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]] , [[Legionella pneumophila]] , [[Lassa fever]] , [[Human immunodeficiency virus ]] , [[Epstein-Barr virus]] Seronegative ,  [[Dengue]] , [[Brucellosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Neurologic'''
| '''Neurologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Vitamin C deficiency]] , [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] , [[Marasmus]] , [[Malabsorption syndrome]] , [[Kwashiorkor]] , [[Iron deficiency]] ,
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Vitamin C deficiency]] , [[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] , [[Marasmus]] , [[Malabsorption syndrome]] , [[Kwashiorkor]] , [[Iron deficiency]] ,
[[Intrinsic factor]] deficiency , [[Folate deficiency]] , [[Copper deficiency]]
[[Intrinsic factor]] deficiency , [[Folate deficiency]] , [[Copper deficiency]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Pregnancy ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Pregnancy ]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Oncologic'''
| '''Oncologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Thymoma ]] , [[Prostate cancer]] , Metastatic neoplasm , [[Melanoma]] , [[Germ cell tumors]] (embryonal dysgenesis) , [[Ewing sarcoma]] , [[Chondrosarcoma]] , Cancer treatment
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Thymoma ]] , [[Prostate cancer]] , Metastatic neoplasm , [[Melanoma]] , [[Germ cell tumors]] (embryonal dysgenesis) , [[Ewing sarcoma]] , [[Chondrosarcoma]] , Cancer treatment
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
| '''Ophthalmologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Psychiatric'''
| '''Psychiatric'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anorexia nervosa]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Anorexia nervosa]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Pulmonary'''
| '''Pulmonary'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Renal failure, chronic]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Renal failure, chronic]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] , [[Rheumatoid disease]] , [[Osteopetrosis]] autosomal recessive 2 , [[Osteopetrosis]] lethal
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]] , [[Rheumatoid disease]] , [[Osteopetrosis]] autosomal recessive 2 , [[Osteopetrosis]] lethal
Osteoclastoma , [[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
Osteoclastoma , [[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Sexual'''
| '''Sexual'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Trauma'''
| '''Trauma'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Urologic'''
| '''Urologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Miscellaneous'''
| '''Miscellaneous'''
|bgcolor="Beige"|Topoisomerase II interactive agents , [[Plummer-Vinson syndrome]] , [[Obesity]] , [[Idiopathic ]] , Glue vapors , Dyskeratosis congenita Shwachman-Diamond syndrome ,  Diamond-Blackfan [[anemia]] , [[Castleman disease]], [[Bloom's syndrome ]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|Topoisomerase II interactive agents , [[Plummer-Vinson syndrome]] , [[Obesity]] , [[Idiopathic ]] , Glue vapors , Dyskeratosis congenita Shwachman-Diamond syndrome ,  Diamond-Blackfan [[anemia]] , [[Castleman disease]], [[Bloom's syndrome ]]
|-
|-
|}
|}


===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
{{Multicol}}
 
{{col-begin|width=84%}}
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*Aclarubicin
*Aclarubicin
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
*[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia]]
*[[Aggressive NK-cell leukemia]]
*[[Aggressive NK-cell leukemia]]
*[[Albendazole]]
*[[Albendazole]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alemtuzumab]]
*[[Alkylating antineoplastic agent]]
*[[Alkylating antineoplastic agent]]
*Alkylators  
*Alkylators  
*Amegakaryocytic [[thrombocytopenia ]]
*Amegakaryocytic [[thrombocytopenia ]]
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
*[[Ankylosing spondylitis]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Anorexia nervosa]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Aplastic anemia]]
*[[Arsenicals]]
*[[Arsenicals]]
*[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
*[[Ataxia telangiectasia]]
*[[Auranofin]]
*[[Auranofin]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2]]
*[[Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2]]
*[[Azathioprine]]
*[[Azathioprine]]
*Benzene Solvents  
*Benzene Solvents  
*Beta-emitters (eg, radioactive P-32)  
*Beta-emitters (eg, radioactive P-32)  
*[[Bleeding (Excessive)]]
*[[Bleeding (Excessive)]]
*[[Bloom's syndrome ]]
*[[Bloom's syndrome ]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*[[Brucellosis]]
*Busulphan
*Busulphan
*Cancer treatment  
*Cancer treatment  
*[[carbamazepine]]
*[[carbamazepine]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Carboplatin]]
*[[Castleman disease]]
*[[Castleman disease]]
*[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
*[[Chediak-Higashi disease]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chondrosarcoma]]
*[[Chondrosarcoma]]
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]]
*[[Chronic myeloid leukaemia]]
*[[Clomipramine]]
*[[Clomipramine]]
*[[Colchicine toxicity]]
*[[Colchicine toxicity]]
*[[Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia]]
*[[Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia]]
*Congenital [[neutropenia]] (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome)
*Congenital [[neutropenia]] (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome)
*[[Copper deficiency]]
*[[Copper deficiency]]
*[[Cyclical neutropenia]]
*[[Cyclical neutropenia]]
*[[Cytotoxic]] drugs and [[radiation ]]
*[[Cytotoxic]] drugs and [[radiation ]]
*Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin
*Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin
*[[Dengue]]
*[[Dengue]]
*[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
*[[Diamond-Blackfan anemia]]
*DNA repair deficiencies  
*DNA repair deficiencies  
*[[Down syndrome]] (trisomy 21)  
*[[Down syndrome]] (trisomy 21)  
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*[[Doxorubicin]]
*Dyskeratosis congenita Shwachman-Diamond syndrome  
*Dyskeratosis congenita Shwachman-Diamond syndrome  
{{ColBreak}}
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene)  
*Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene)  
*[[Eosinophilic fasciitis ]]
*[[Eosinophilic fasciitis ]]
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]] Seronegative  
*[[Epstein-Barr virus]] Seronegative  
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]
*[[Ewing sarcoma]]
*[[Familial]] histiocytic reticulosis
*[[Familial]] histiocytic reticulosis
*[[Familial]] monosomy 7  
*[[Familial]] monosomy 7  
*[[Familial]] [[myelofibrosis]]
*[[Familial]] [[myelofibrosis]]
*[[Fanconi anaemia]]
*[[Fanconi anaemia]]
*[[Flucytosine]]
*[[Flucytosine]]
*[[Folate deficiency]]
*[[Folate deficiency]]
*Genotoxic therapy  
*Genotoxic therapy  
*[[Germ cell]] tumors (embryonal dysgenesis)
*[[Germ cell]] tumors (embryonal dysgenesis)
*Glue vapors  
*Glue vapors  
*Glutathione synthase deficiency
*Glutathione synthase deficiency
*[[Gold ]]
*[[Gold ]]
*[[Graft versus host disease]]
*[[Graft versus host disease]]
*[[Haemoglobin E disease]]
*[[Haemoglobin E disease]]
*[[Haemoglobin SC disease]]
*[[Haemoglobin SC disease]]
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]
*[[Hairy cell leukaemia]]
*Hematopoietic cell transplantation  
*Hematopoietic cell transplantation  
*[[Hemoglobin H disease]]
*[[Hemoglobin H disease]]
*[[ Hepatitis ]]
*[[ Hepatitis ]]
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]
*[[Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma]]
*[[Histiocytosis X]]
*[[Histiocytosis X]]
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]
*[[Hodgkin lymphoma]]
*[[Human immunodeficiency virus ]]
*[[Human immunodeficiency virus ]]
*[[Hypersplenism]]
*[[Hypersplenism]]
*Hypoplastic [[myelodysplastic syndromes ]]
*Hypoplastic [[myelodysplastic syndromes ]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idarubicin]]
*[[Idiopathic ]]
*[[Idiopathic ]]
*[[indomethacin ]]
*[[indomethacin ]]
*Ineffective [[erythropoiesis]]
*Ineffective [[erythropoiesis]]
*Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]]
*Intestinal [[lymphangiectasia]]
*Intrinsic factor deficiency
*Intrinsic factor deficiency
*[[Iron deficiency]]
*[[Iron deficiency]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Kwashiorkor]]
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]
*[[Langerhans cell histiocytosis]]
*Large granular lymphocytic [[leukemia]]
*Large granular lymphocytic [[leukemia]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Lassa fever]]
*[[Legionella pneumophila]]
*[[Legionella pneumophila]]
*Leucoerythroblastic [[anaemia]]
*Leucoerythroblastic [[anaemia]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Malabsorption syndrome]]
*[[Malignant histiocytosis]]
*[[Malignant histiocytosis]]
*[[Marasmus]]
*[[Marasmus]]
*[[Megaloblastic anaemia]]
*[[Megaloblastic anaemia]]
*[[Melanoma]]
*[[Melanoma]]
*Metastatic neoplasm
*Metastatic neoplasm
{{ColBreak}}
 
{{col-break|width=33%}}
 
*Mutagen exposure  
*Mutagen exposure  
*Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null)
*Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null)
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
*[[Mycobacterium tuberculosis]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
*[[Myelodysplastic syndrome]]
*[[Myelofibrosis]]
*[[Myelofibrosis]]
*[[Myeloma]]
*[[Myeloma]]
*Myelpathic [[anemia]]
*Myelpathic [[anemia]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis 1]]
*[[Neurofibromatosis 1]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Niemann-Pick disease]]
*[[Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ]]
*[[Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ]]
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
*[[Non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]
*[[Obesity]]
*[[Obesity]]
*Oklahoma [[tick fever]]
*Oklahoma [[tick fever]]
*Osteoclastoma
*Osteoclastoma
*[[Osteopetrosis]] lethal
*[[Osteopetrosis]] lethal
*[[Osteopetrosis]], autosomal recessive 2
*[[Osteopetrosis]], autosomal recessive 2
*[[Osteosarcoma]]
*[[Osteosarcoma]]
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]]
*[[Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria]]
*[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]
*[[Parvovirus B19 infection]]
*[[phenacemide ]]
*[[phenacemide ]]
*[[phenylbutazone ]]
*[[phenylbutazone ]]
*[[Plummer-Vinson syndrome]]
*[[Plummer-Vinson syndrome]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Portal hypertension]]
*[[Pregnancy ]]
*[[Pregnancy ]]
*[[Prostate cancer]]
*[[Prostate cancer]]
*[[Propylthiouracil ]]
*[[Propylthiouracil ]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Q fever]]
*[[Renal failure, chronic]]
*[[Renal failure, chronic]]
*Reticular dysgenesis  
*Reticular dysgenesis  
*[[Rheumatoid disease]]
*[[Rheumatoid disease]]
*[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]], T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency
*[[Severe combined immunodeficiency]], T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency
*[[Sickle cell disease]]
*[[Sickle cell disease]]
*[[Sulfonamides ]]
*[[Sulfonamides ]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Systemic lupus erythematosus]]
*[[Thymoma ]]
*[[Thymoma ]]
*[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
*[[Thyroid carcinoma]]
*[[Tobacco use ]]
*[[Tobacco use ]]
*Topoisomerase II interactive agents  
*Topoisomerase II interactive agents  
*[[Trisomy]] 8 mosaicism  
*[[Trisomy]] 8 mosaicism  
*[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
*[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]]
*[[Vitamin C deficiency]]
*[[Vitamin C deficiency]]
*[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
*[[Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome]]
*[[Xeroderma pigmentosum ]]
{{EndMultiCol}}


*[[Xeroderma pigmentosum]]


{{col-end}}


==References==


{{Reflist|2}}


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[[Category:Hematology]]


[[Category:Oncology]]


[[Category:Oncology stub]]


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==References==
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[[Category:Hematology]]
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Revision as of 13:18, 15 July 2013


Template:Pancytopenia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor-In-Chief: Cafer Zorkun, M.D., Ph.D. [2]

Overview

Pancytopenia is the pronounced reduction in the number of erythrocytes, all types of white blood cells and blood platelets that are circulating in the blood.

Pancytopenia is generally due to diseases affecting the bone marrow, although peripheral destruction of all lines of blood cells in hypersplenism (overactive spleen) is a recognized cause. Bone marrow problems causing pancytopenia include myelofibrosis, leukemia, aplastic anemia, and the malignant form of osteoporosis.

Chemotherapy for malignancies may also cause pancytopenia, if the drug or drugs used cause bone marrow suppression.

Increasingly, HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is itself a cause for pancytopenia.

Rarely, drugs (antibiotics, anti hypertensive medication, heart medication) can cause pancytopenia.

Pancytopenia usually requires a bone marrow biopsy in order to distinguish among different causes.

Causes

Common Causes

  1. Aplastic anemia
  1. Myelodysplastic syndrome
  1. Leukemia
  1. Leishmaniasis
  1. Severe Folate or Vitamin B12 deficiency
  1. Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (Urine test)
  1. Finally overwhelming viral infections (HIV most common)

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Dermatologic No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect Phenylbutazone , phenacemide , Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs , indomethacin , Idarubicin , Gold , Flucytosine , Doxorubicin , Cytotoxic drugs and radiation , Colchicine toxicity , Clomipramine , Chloramphenicol , Carboplatin , carbamazepine , Busulphan , Azathioprine , Auranofin , Arsenicals , Alkylators , Alkylating antineoplastic agent , Alemtuzumab , Albendazole , Aclarubicin , sulfonamides , propylthiouracil
Ear Nose Throat No underlying causes
Endocrine Thyroid carcinoma
Environmental Tobacco use , Environmental/occupational (eg, benzene)
Gastroenterologic Portal hypertension , Intestinal lymphangiectasia , Hepatitis
Genetic Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome , Trisomy 8 mosaicism , Severe combined immunodeficiency, T- B+ due to JAK3 deficiency , Niemann-Pick disease , Neurofibromatosis 1 , Mutagen-detoxification (GSTq1-null) , Mutagen exposure , Glutathione synthase deficiency , Genotoxic therapy , Fanconi anaemia , Familial monosomy 7 , Down syndrome , DNA repair deficiencies , Defect in synthesis of adenosylcobalamin , Chediak-Higashi disease , Ataxia telangiectasia
Hematologic Sickle cell disease , Reticular dysgenesis , Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria , Non-Hodgkin lymphoma , Myelpathic anemia,

Myeloma , Myelofibrosis , Myelodysplastic syndrome , Megaloblastic anaemia , Malignant histiocytosis , Leucoerythroblastic anaemia ,

Large granular lymphocytic leukemia , Langerhans cell histiocytosis , Ineffective erythropoiesis , Hypoplastic myelodysplastic syndromes ,

Hypersplenism , Hodgkin lymphoma , Histiocytosis X , Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma , Hemoglobin H disease , Hematopoietic cell transplantation , Hairy cell leukaemia , Haemoglobin SC disease , Haemoglobin E disease , Graft versus host disease , Familial myelofibrosis, Familial histiocytic reticulosis, Eosinophilic fasciitis , Cyclical neutropenia , Congenital neutropenia (Kostmann's or Shwachman-Diamond syndrome) , Common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia , Chronic myeloid leukaemia , Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia , Bleeding (Excessive), Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 , Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 , Aplastic anemia , Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia , Aggressive NK-cell leukemia, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Iatrogenic No underlying causes
Infectious Disease Q fever , Parvovirus B19 infection , Oklahoma tick fever , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Legionella pneumophila , Lassa fever , Human immunodeficiency virus , Epstein-Barr virus Seronegative , Dengue , Brucellosis
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic No underlying causes
Neurologic No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic Vitamin C deficiency , Vitamin B12 deficiency , Marasmus , Malabsorption syndrome , Kwashiorkor , Iron deficiency ,

Intrinsic factor deficiency , Folate deficiency , Copper deficiency

Obstetric/Gynecologic Pregnancy
Oncologic Thymoma , Prostate cancer , Metastatic neoplasm , Melanoma , Germ cell tumors (embryonal dysgenesis) , Ewing sarcoma , Chondrosarcoma , Cancer treatment
Ophthalmologic No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity No underlying causes
Psychiatric Anorexia nervosa
Pulmonary No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte Renal failure, chronic
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy Systemic lupus erythematosus , Rheumatoid disease , Osteopetrosis autosomal recessive 2 , Osteopetrosis lethal

Osteoclastoma , Ankylosing spondylitis

Sexual No underlying causes
Trauma No underlying causes
Urologic No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Topoisomerase II interactive agents , Plummer-Vinson syndrome , Obesity , Idiopathic , Glue vapors , Dyskeratosis congenita Shwachman-Diamond syndrome , Diamond-Blackfan anemia , Castleman disease, Bloom's syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References


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