Kidney stone causes: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:17, 25 July 2013

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Kidney stones can be due to underlying metabolic conditions, such as renal tubular acidosis, Dent's disease and medullary sponge kidney. Many health facilities will screen for such disorders in patients with recurrent kidney stones. This is typically done with a 24 hour urine collection that is chemically analyzed for deficiencies and excesses that promote stone formation.

Common Causes

List the most common causes here.

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes based on type of Stones

Calcium Stones

Bone metastasis
Cushing's syndrome
Distal renal tubular acidosis
Excessive Vitamin C intake
Hypercalcemia
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperoxaluria
Hyperuricosuria
Hypophosphaturia
Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Increased intestinal absorption of oxalates
Leukemia
Milk-alkali syndrome
Osteoporosis
Paget's Disease
Sarcoidosis
Tumor hypercalcemias
Hypervitaminosis D

Infectious Stones

Uric Acid Stones

Alcohol abuse
Dehydration
Drugs
Gout
Purine metabolism
Tumor
Idiopathic

Congenital Stones

Cystinuria

References

Template:WH Template:WS

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 {{CMG}}
-==Causes==
+==Overview==
 Kidney stones can be due to underlying metabolic conditions, such as [[renal tubular acidosis]], [[Dent's disease]] and [[medullary sponge kidney]]. Many health facilities will screen for such disorders in patients with recurrent kidney stones. This is typically done with a 24 hour urine collection that is chemically analyzed for deficiencies and excesses that promote stone formation.
-*[[Calcium nephrolithiasis]]
+===Common Causes===
-*[[Cystine]]
+*List the most common causes here.
-*Drug induced
+===Causes by Organ System===
-*[[High urine pH]]
+{|style="width:82%; height:100px" border="1"
-*High urinary sodium
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:25%" border="1" bgcolor="LightSteelBlue" | '''Cardiovascular'''
+|style="height:100px"; style="width:75%" border="1" bgcolor="Beige" | No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Chemical/Poisoning'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Dermatologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Drug Side Effect'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Endocrine'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Environmental'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Gastroenterologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Genetic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Hematologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Iatrogenic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Infectious Disease'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Neurologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Nutritional/Metabolic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Obstetric/Gynecologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Oncologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Ophthalmologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Overdose/Toxicity'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Psychiatric'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Pulmonary'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Renal/Electrolyte'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Sexual'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Trauma'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Urologic'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
+| '''Miscellaneous'''
+|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
+|-
+|}
+===Causes in Alphabetical Order===
+{{Multicol}}
+*[[Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency]]
+*[[Alcohol abuse]]
+*[[Allopurinol]]
+*[[Berylliosis ]]
+*[[Bone metastasis]]
+*[[Chronic Malabsorption syndrome ]]
+*[[Chronic metabolic acidosis]]
+*[[Cysteinuria ]]
+*[[Dehydration]]
+*[[Dent's disease ]]
+*[[Diabetes mellitus]]
+*[[Distal (type 1) renal tubular acidosis]]
+*[[Excessive Vitamin C intake]]
+*[[Gout]]
+*[[Higher Dietary animal protein]]
+*[[Higher Dietary fructose]]
+*[[Higher Dietary oxalate]]
+*[[Higher Dietary sodium]]
+*[[Higher Dietary sucrose]]
+*[[Higher Dietary vitamin C]]
+*[[Higher Urinary calcium]]
+*[[Higher Urinary oxalate (CaOx stones)]]
+*[[Higher Urinary pH (CaP stones)]]
+*[[Horseshoe kidney]]
+*[[Hypercalcemia]]
 *[[Hypercalciuria]]
 *[[Hyperoxaluria]]
+*[[Hyperuricemia ]]
 *[[Hyperuricosuria]]
-*[[Hypocitaturia]]
+*[[Hypervitaminosis D]]
-*[[Hypomagnesiuria]]
+*[[Hypocitraturia]]
-*Inadequate amounts of inhibitors of stone formation
+*[[Hypophosphaturia]]
-*Infection with urea splitting microorganisms
+*[[Idiopathic]]
-*[[Low urine volume]]
+*[[Increased intestinal absorption of oxalates]]
+*[[Indinavir ]]
+*[[Infection with urea splitting microorganisms]]
+*[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
+{{ColBreak}}
+*[[Klebsiella]]
+*[[Lesch-Nyhan syndrome ]]
+*[[Leukemia]]
+*[[Low fluid intake]]
 *[[Low urine pH]]
-*Presence of nidus for crystal precipitation
+*[[Lower dietary calcium]]
-*[[Struvite]]
+*[[Lower Dietary phytate]]
-*Supersaturatin of stone forming compunds in urine
+*[[Lower Dietary potassium]]
-*[[Uric acid nephrolithiasis]]
+*[[Lower fluid intake]]
+*[[Lower Urinary citrate]]
+*[[Lower Urinary volume]]
+*[[Medullary sponge kidney]]
+*[[Milk-alkali syndrome]]
+*[[Obesity]]
+*[[Paget's Disease]]
+*[[Presence of nidus for crystal precipitation]]
+*[[Primary hyperparathyroidism]]
+*[[Primary Hypokalaemic distal renal tubular acidosis ]]
+*[[Primary type 1 Hyperoxaluria, ]]
+*[[Primary type 2 Hyperparathyroidism, ]]
+*[[Proteus  ]]
+*[[Pseudomonas]]
+*[[Sarcoidosis]]
+*[[Short bowel syndrome ]]
+*[[Supersaturatin of stone forming compunds in urine]]
+*[[Topiramate ]]
+*[[Tumor hypercalcemias]]
+*[[Type I (distal) renal tubular acidosis]]
 *[[Urinary obstruction]]
-*Urinary stasis
+*[[Urinary stasis]]
+*[[Urinary tract infection]]
+*[[Urine PH less than 5.5]]
+*[[X-linked hypophosphataemia ]]
+*[[X-linked recessive nephrolithiasis type 1 ]]
+*[[Xanthinuria type 1 ]]
+*[[Xanthinuria type 2 ]]
+*[[Zonisamide]]
+{{EndMultiCol}}
+==Causes based on type of Stones==
 === Calcium Stones ===