|
|
| Line 17: |
Line 17: |
|
| |
|
| ==Overview== | | ==Overview== |
| | [[Coronary angiography overview]] |
|
| |
|
| ==Coronary Anatomy== | | ==Coronary Anatomy== |
| Line 39: |
Line 40: |
| ==How to Assess Thrombus or Clot== | | ==How to Assess Thrombus or Clot== |
| * [[Thrombus Grading]] | | * [[Thrombus Grading]] |
|
| |
|
| |
| * [[Complications during and following cardiac catheterization]]
| |
| * [[Angiogram]]
| |
| * [[Suggested angiographic projections]]
| |
| * [[Congenital anomalies of the coronary circulation]]
| |
| * [[Anomalous origins of coronary arteries]]
| |
| * [[ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Coronary Angiography]]
| |
|
| |
| '''Coronary catheterization''' is an invasive procedure to access the [[coronary circulation]] and blood filled chambers of the [[heart]] using a [[catheter]]. It is performed for both diagnostic and interventional (treatment) purposes. Coronary catheterization is one of the several [[cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures]]. Specifically, coronary catheterization is a visually interpreted test performed to recognize occlusion, [[stenosis]], [[restenosis]], [[thrombosis]] or [[aneurysm|aneurysmal]] enlargement the [[coronary artery]] [[lumen]]s, [[heart chamber]] size, [[heart muscle]] contraction performance and some aspects of [[heart valve]] function. Important internal [[heart]] and [[lung]] [[blood pressure]]s, not measurable from outside the body, can be accurately measured during the test. The relevant problems that the test deals with most commonly occur as a result of advanced [[atherosclerosis]], [[atheroma]] activity within the wall of the coronary [[artery|arteries]]. Less frequently, other issues, [[heart valve|valvular]], [[heart muscle]] or [[arrhythmia]] issues are the primary focus of the test.<ref>Connolly JE. The development of coronary artery surgery: personal recollections. ''Tex Heart Inst J'' 2002;29:10-4. PMID 11995842.</ref> <ref>Proudfit WL, Shirey EK, Sones FM Jr. Selective cine coronary arteriography. Correlation with clinical findings in 1,000 patients. ''Circulation'' 1966;33:901-10. PMID 5942973.</ref> <ref>Sones FM, Shirey EK. Cine coronary arteriography. ''Mod Concepts Cardiovasc Dis'' 1962;31:735-8. PMID 13915182.</ref> <ref>Smith SC Jr, Feldman TE, Hirshfeld JW Jr, Jacobs AK, Kern MJ, King SB 3rd, Morrison DA, O'neill WW, Schaff HV, Whitlow PL, Williams DO, Antman EM, Smith SC Jr, Adams CD, Anderson JL, Faxon DP, Fuster V, Halperin JL, Hiratzka LF, Hunt SA, Jacobs AK, Nishimura R, Ornato JP, Page RL, Riegel B; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines; ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. ACC/AHA/SCAI 2005 Guideline Update for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention-Summary Article: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (ACC/AHA/SCAI Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for Percutaneous Coronary Intervention). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006 Jan 3;47(1):216-35. PMID 16386696</ref>
| |
|
| |
| [[Coronary artery]] [[lumen|luminal]] [[stenosis|narrowing]] reduces the flow reserve for oxygenated blood to the heart, typically producing intermittent [[Angina pectoris|angina]] if very advanced; [[lumen|luminal]] occlusion usually produces a [[myocardial infarction|heart attack]]. However, it has been increasingly recognized, since the late 1980s, that coronary catheterization does not allow the recognition of the presence or absence of coronary [[atherosclerosis]] itself, only significant [[lumen|luminal]] changes which have occurred as a result of end stage complications of the [[atherosclerosis|atherosclerotic]] process. See [[IVUS]] and [[atheroma]] for a better understanding of this issue.
| |
|
| |
|
| ==Related Chapters== | | ==Related Chapters== |
| * [[Interventional cardiology]] | | * [[Interventional cardiology]] |
| * [[Cardiology]] | | * [[Cardiology]] |
| * [[TIMI flow grade 0]]
| |
| * [[TIMI flow grade 1]]
| |
| * [[TIMI flow grade 2]]
| |
| * [[TIMI flow grade 3]]
| |
| * [[TIMI frame count (TFC)]]
| |
| * [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0]]
| |
| * [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1]]
| |
| * [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2]]
| |
| * [[TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3]]
| |
| * [[Thrombus Grading]]
| |
| * [[Complications during and following cardiac catheterization]] | | * [[Complications during and following cardiac catheterization]] |
| * [[Access site complications]] | | * [[Access site complications]] |
