Isorhythmic A-V dissociation

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Acetylcholine
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Acute rheumatic fever
• Amiodarone
• Antiarrhythmic agents
• Beta-blockers
• Calcium channel blockers
• Cardiac catheterization
• Cardiomyopathy
• Congestive heart failure
• Digitalis toxicity
• Diltiazem
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Ischemic heart disease
• Myocarditis
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Sinus arrest
• Sinus bradycardia
• STEMI

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Acute coronary syndrome, acute rheumatic fever, amyloidosis, Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis, Brugada syndrome, cardiac lymphoma, cardiac transplantation, cardioinhibitory syncope, complete heart block, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, coronary reperfusion therapy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, ischemic heart disease, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Lev's disease, long QT syndrome, myocardial bridging, myocardial contusion, myocardial infarction, myocardial rupture, myocarditis, NSTEMI, pericarditis, Romano-Ward syndrome, sick sinus syndrome, sinoatrial block, sinus arrest, sinus bradycardia, sinus node fibrosis, STEMI, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome, Timothy syndrome, valvular heart disease
Chemical/Poisoning	Berberine, carbamate poisoning, grayanotoxin, organophosphorus poisoning, parathion poisoning, poisonous spider bites, pyrethroid poisoning, scorpion toxin
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Acetylcholine, all-trans retinoic acid, amiodarone, anthracyclines, antiarrhythmic drugs, barbiturate, beta-blockers, bupivacaine, calcium channel blockers, carbamazepine, cholinesterase inhibitors, cimetidine, citalopram, clonidine, daunorubicin, digoxin, diltiazem, diphenhydramine, donepezil, doxorubicin, edrophonium, epirubicin, granisetron, guanethidine, halothane, idarubicin, isoprenaline, lithium, mepivacaine, mesalamine, methyldopa, methylprednisolone, nelfinavir, neostigmine, nicorandil, phenothiazine, phenytoin, procainamide, propafenone, propanolol, propofol, pyridostigmine, quinidine, remifentanil, reserpine, ropivacaine, tacrine, thiamylal, timolol, tramadol, tricyclic antidepressants, urapidil, verapamil
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	Diabetic ketoacidosis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, pheochromocytoma
Environmental	Hypothermia
Gastroenterologic	Amyloidosis
Genetic	Brugada syndrome, Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Kearns-Sayre syndrome, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1b, long QT syndrome, muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Romano-Ward syndrome, Timothy syndrome
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	Cardiac catheterization, cardiac resynchronization therapy, cardiac transplantation, coronary artery bypass grafting, Fontan procedure, heart surgery, infraclavicular brachial plexus block, post lung transplantation
Infectious Disease	Acute rheumatic fever, Chagas disease, diptheria, Lyme disease, septic shock
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	Muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, Timothy syndrome
Neurologic	Severe brain injury
Nutritional/Metabolic	Diabetic ketoacidosis, hyperkalemia, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, metabolic acidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Cardiac lymphoma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	Severe anorexia nervosa, Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Pulmonary	Hypoxia
Renal/Electrolyte	Acute renal failure, amyloidosis
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Neonatal lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, Sjogren's syndrome
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Myocardial contusion
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acetylcholine
• Acute coronary syndrome
• Acute renal failure
• Acute rheumatic fever
• All-trans retinoic acid
• Amiodarone
• Amyloidosis
• Andersen cardiodysrhythmic periodic paralysis
• Anthracyclines
• Antiarrhythmic drugs
• Barbiturate
• Berberine
• Beta-blockers
• Brugada syndrome
• Bupivacaine
• Calcium channel blockers
• Carbamate poisoning
• Carbamazepine
• Cardiac catheterization
• Cardiac lymphoma
• Cardiac resynchronization therapy
• Cardiac transplantation
• Cardioinhibitory syncope
• Chagas disease
• Cholinesterase inhibitors
• Cimetidine
• Citalopram
• Clonidine
• Complete heart block
• Congenital heart disease
• Congestive heart failure
• Coronary artery bypass grafting
• Coronary reperfusion therapy
• Daunorubicin
• Diabetic ketoacidosis
• Digoxin
• Dilated cardiomyopathy
• Diltiazem
• Diphenhydramine
• Diptheria
• Donepezil
• Doxorubicin
• Edrophonium
• Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy

• Epirubicin
• Fontan procedure
• Granisetron
• Grayanotoxin
• Guanethidine
• Halothane
• Hashimoto's thyroiditis
• Heart surgery
• Hyperkalemia
• Hypermagnesemia
• Hypertensive heart disease
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypothermia
• Hypoxia
• Idarubicin
• Idiopathic
• Infraclavicular brachial plexus block
• Ischemic heart disease
• Isoprenaline
• Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome
• Kearns-Sayre syndrome
• Lev's disease
• Limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 1b
• Lithium
• Long QT syndrome
• Lyme disease
• Mepivacaine
• Mesalamine
• Metabolic acidosis
• Methyldopa
• Methylprednisolone
• Muscular dystrophy
• Myocardial bridging
• Myocardial contusion
• Myocardial infarction
• Myocardial rupture
• Myocarditis
• Myotonic dystrophy
• Nelfinavir
• Neonatal lupus erythematosus
• Neostigmine
• Nicorandil

• NSTEMI
• Organophosphorus poisoning
• Parathion poisoning
• Pericarditis
• Phenothiazine
• Phenytoin
• Pheochromocytoma
• Poisonous spider bites
• Post lung transplantation
• Procainamide
• Hypothyroidism
• Propafenone
• Propanolol
• Propofol
• Pyrethroid poisoning
• Pyridostigmine
• Quinidine
• Remifentanil
• Reserpine
• Romano-Ward syndrome
• Ropivacaine
• Scleroderma
• Scorpion toxin
• Septic shock
• Severe anorexia nervosa
• Severe brain injury
• Sick sinus syndrome
• Sinoatrial block
• Sinus arrest
• Sinus bradycardia
• Sinus node fibrosis
• Sjogren's syndrome
• STEMI
• Tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome
• Tacrine
• Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
• Thiamylal
• Timolol
• Timothy syndrome
• Tramadol
• Tricyclic antidepressants
• Urapidil
• Valvular heart disease
• Verapamil