Coronary angiography: Difference between revisions
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{{SK}} coronary arteriography, cardiac arteriography, cardiac angiogram, coronary angio, coronary artery angio, coronary cath, cardiac cath | {{SK}} coronary arteriography, cardiac arteriography, cardiac angiogram, coronary angio, coronary artery angio, coronary cath, cardiac cath | ||
==General Principles== | |||
* [[Coronary angiography overview|Overview]] | * [[Coronary angiography overview|Overview]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography historical perspective|Historical perspective]] | * [[Coronary angiography historical perspective|Historical perspective]] | ||
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* [[Appropriate use criteria for revascularization|Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization]] | * [[Appropriate use criteria for revascularization|Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography complications|Complications]] | * [[Coronary angiography complications|Complications]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography technique|Technique]] | * [[Coronary angiography technique|Technique]] | ||
* Angiographic film quality | |||
==Coronary Anatomy and Projection Angles== | |||
===Normal Coronary Anatomy=== | |||
==Normal Coronary Anatomy== | |||
* [[Coronary arteries]] | * [[Coronary arteries]] | ||
* [[Left coronary artery]] | [[Left main coronary artery]] | [[Left anterior descending artery]] | [[Left circumflex artery]] | [[Ramus intermedius]] | * [[Left coronary artery]] | [[Left main coronary artery]] | [[Left anterior descending artery]] | [[Left circumflex artery]] | [[Ramus intermedius]] | ||
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* [[Coronary artery dominance]] | * [[Coronary artery dominance]] | ||
==Coronary Anatomic Variants== | ===Coronary Anatomic Variants=== | ||
* [[Separate ostia]] | * [[Separate ostia]] | ||
* [[Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries]] | * [[Anomalous origins of the coronary arteries]] | ||
* [[Coronary artery fistula]] | * [[Coronary artery fistula]] | ||
==Projection Angles== | ===Projection Angles=== | ||
* [[Coronary angiography essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections|Essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections]] | * [[Coronary angiography essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections|Essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography standard views|Standard angiographic views]] | * [[Coronary angiography standard views|Standard angiographic views]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography left coronary artery|Left coronary artery]] | * [[Coronary angiography left coronary artery|Left coronary artery]] | ||
* [[Coronary angiography right coronary artery|Right coronary artery]] | * [[Coronary angiography right coronary artery|Right coronary artery]] | ||
==Assessment of Perfusion== | ==Assessment of Perfusion== | ||
===How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow=== | ===How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow=== | ||
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==Vein and Arterial Bypass Graft== | ==Vein and Arterial Bypass Graft== | ||
==Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Angiography in PCI== | |||
==Diagnostic Catheterization== | ===Diagnostic Catheterization=== | ||
[[Risks stratification and benefits of PCI]] | [[Conscious Sedation]] | [[Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization]] | [[Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access]] | [[Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton]] | [[Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Radiation Safety]] | [[Risks stratification and benefits of PCI]] | [[Conscious Sedation]] | [[Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization]] | [[Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access]] | [[Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton]] | [[Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory]] | [[Radiation Safety]] | ||
==Therapeutic Catheterization== | ===Therapeutic Catheterization=== | ||
[[Coronary angiography therapeutic procedures|Therapeutic procedures]] | [[Coronary angiography advances in catheter based physical treatments|Advances in catheter based physical treatments]] | [[Coronary angiography therapeutic procedures|Therapeutic procedures]] | [[Coronary angiography advances in catheter based physical treatments|Advances in catheter based physical treatments]] | ||
==PCI in Specific Lesion Types== | ===PCI in Specific Lesion Types=== | ||
[[PCI: classification of the lesion|Classification of the Lesion]] | [[PCI in the calcified lesion|The Calcified Lesion]] | [[PCI in the ostial lesion|The Ostial Lesion]] | [[PCI in the angulated or tortuous lesion|The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion]] | [[PCI in the bifurcation lesion|The Bifurcation Lesion]] | [[PCI in the long lesion|The Long Lesion]] | [[Myocardial bridge#PCI/Stenting|The Bridge Lesion]] | [[Coronary vasospasm#Treatment of PCI-induced Vasospasm|Vasospasm]] | [[Chronic total occlusions#PCI Techniques|The Chronic Total Occlusion]] | [[PCI in the left internal mammary artery|The Left Internal Mammary Artery]] | [[Multivessel coronary artery disease#Revascularization by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)|Multivessel Disease]] | [[Treatment of distal anastomotic lesions#Balloon angioplasty (PTCA)|Distal Anastomotic Lesions]] | [[Left main intervention|Left Main Intervention]] | [[Management of the thrombotic lesion#Mechanical Therapy|The Thrombotic Lesion]] | [[PCI: classification of the lesion|Classification of the Lesion]] | [[PCI in the calcified lesion|The Calcified Lesion]] | [[PCI in the ostial lesion|The Ostial Lesion]] | [[PCI in the angulated or tortuous lesion|The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion]] | [[PCI in the bifurcation lesion|The Bifurcation Lesion]] | [[PCI in the long lesion|The Long Lesion]] | [[Myocardial bridge#PCI/Stenting|The Bridge Lesion]] | [[Coronary vasospasm#Treatment of PCI-induced Vasospasm|Vasospasm]] | [[Chronic total occlusions#PCI Techniques|The Chronic Total Occlusion]] | [[PCI in the left internal mammary artery|The Left Internal Mammary Artery]] | [[Multivessel coronary artery disease#Revascularization by Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)|Multivessel Disease]] | [[Treatment of distal anastomotic lesions#Balloon angioplasty (PTCA)|Distal Anastomotic Lesions]] | [[Left main intervention|Left Main Intervention]] | [[Management of the thrombotic lesion#Mechanical Therapy|The Thrombotic Lesion]] | ||
==PCI Complications== | ===PCI Complications=== | ||
[[PCI complications: vessel perforation|Vessel Perforation]] | [[PCI complications: dissection|Dissection]] | [[PCI complications: distal embolization|Distal Embolization]] | [[PCI complications: no reflow|No-reflow]] | [[PCI complications: abrupt closure|Abrupt Closure]] | [[PCI complications: restenosis|Restenosis]] | [[PCI complications: late acquired stent malapposition|Late Acquired Stent Malapposition]] | [[PCI complications: loss of side branch|Loss of Side Branch]] | [[PCI complications: multiple complications|Multiple Complications]] | [[Coronary stent thrombosis]] | [[Slow flow]] | [[Pulsatile flow]] | [[Flow deceleration]] | [[Ectasia]] | [[Intimal flap]] | [[Staining]] | [[PCI complications: vessel perforation|Vessel Perforation]] | [[PCI complications: dissection|Dissection]] | [[PCI complications: distal embolization|Distal Embolization]] | [[PCI complications: no reflow|No-reflow]] | [[PCI complications: abrupt closure|Abrupt Closure]] | [[PCI complications: restenosis|Restenosis]] | [[PCI complications: late acquired stent malapposition|Late Acquired Stent Malapposition]] | [[PCI complications: loss of side branch|Loss of Side Branch]] | [[PCI complications: multiple complications|Multiple Complications]] | [[Coronary stent thrombosis]] | [[Slow flow]] | [[Pulsatile flow]] | [[Flow deceleration]] | [[Ectasia]] | [[Intimal flap]] | [[Staining]] | ||
{{Coronary Angiography}} | {{Coronary Angiography}} | ||
Revision as of 12:06, 10 September 2013
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Synonyms and keywords: coronary arteriography, cardiac arteriography, cardiac angiogram, coronary angio, coronary artery angio, coronary cath, cardiac cath
General Principles
- Overview
- Historical perspective
- Contraindications
- Appropriate Use Criteria for Revascularization
- Complications
- Technique
- Angiographic film quality
Coronary Anatomy and Projection Angles
Normal Coronary Anatomy
- Coronary arteries
- Left coronary artery | Left main coronary artery | Left anterior descending artery | Left circumflex artery | Ramus intermedius
- Right coronary artery
- Coronary artery dominance
Coronary Anatomic Variants
Projection Angles
- Essentials of optimal coronary angiographic projections
- Standard angiographic views
- Left coronary artery
- Right coronary artery
Assessment of Perfusion
How to Assess Epicardial Coronary Blood Flow
- TIMI flow grade: TIMI flow grade 0 | TIMI flow grade 1 | TIMI flow grade 2 | TIMI flow grade 3
- TIMI frame count (TFC)
- Pulsatile flow
- Deceleration
How to Assess Myocardial Perfusion
- TIMI myocardial perfusion grade: TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 0 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 1 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 2 | TIMI myocardial perfusion grade 3
Assessment of Lesion Morphology
Lesion Complexity
- ACC-AHA characteristics of type A, B, and C coronary lesions
- Risk assessment using lesion morphologic criteria
Thrombus Grade
- PERFUSE thrombus grade: PERFUSE thrombus grade 0 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 1 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 2 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 3 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 4 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 5 | PERFUSE thrombus grade 6
Lesion Morphology
- Quantitative angiography: Minimal lumen diameter • Percent stenosis • Reference diameter • Lesion length • Residual stenosis • Average reference segment diameter • Plaque area • Plaque volume •
- Definitions of Preprocedural Lesion Morphology
- Irregular lesion
- Disease extent
- Arterial foreshortening
- Infarct related artery (Culprit lesion)
- Restenosis
- Degenerated saphenous vein graft
- Collaterals
- Coronary artery ulceration
- Coronary artery aneurysm
- Coronary artery bifurcation
- Coronary artery trifurcation
Vein and Arterial Bypass Graft
Advanced Diagnostic and Therapeutic Angiography in PCI
Diagnostic Catheterization
Risks stratification and benefits of PCI | Conscious Sedation | Preparation of the Patient for Diagnostic Catheterization | Technical Aspects of the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Obtaining Venous and Arterial Access | Equipment Used in Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterizaiton | Hemodynamic Assessment in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory | Radiation Safety
Therapeutic Catheterization
Therapeutic procedures | Advances in catheter based physical treatments
PCI in Specific Lesion Types
Classification of the Lesion | The Calcified Lesion | The Ostial Lesion | The Angulated or Tortuous Lesion | The Bifurcation Lesion | The Long Lesion | The Bridge Lesion | Vasospasm | The Chronic Total Occlusion | The Left Internal Mammary Artery | Multivessel Disease | Distal Anastomotic Lesions | Left Main Intervention | The Thrombotic Lesion
PCI Complications
Vessel Perforation | Dissection | Distal Embolization | No-reflow | Abrupt Closure | Restenosis | Late Acquired Stent Malapposition | Loss of Side Branch | Multiple Complications | Coronary stent thrombosis | Slow flow | Pulsatile flow | Flow deceleration | Ectasia | Intimal flap | Staining