Testicular cancer natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions

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VisualWikitext

Revision as of 13:02, 12 June 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Complications

Testicular cancer may spread to other parts of the body. The most common sites include the:

Abdomen
Lungs
Retroperitoneal area (the area near the kidneys)
Spine

Complications of surgery can include:

Bleeding and infection after surgery
Infertility (if both testicles are removed)

Infertility can occur among patients with testicular cancer. If the patient is of childbearing age, he should be advised informed about the possibility of infertility and the solutions to this problem, such as sperm banking.

Men who had testicular cancer are at an elevated risk of cancer in the other testis.

Prognosis

5-Year Survival

Between 2004 and 2010, the 5-year relative survival of patients with testicular cancer was 96.6%.^[1]

When stratified by age, the 5-year relative survival of patients with testicular cancer was 95.4% and 86.4% for patients <65 and ≥ 65 years of age respectively.^[1]

The survival of patients with testicular cancer varies with the stage of the disease. Shown below is a table depicting the 5-year relative survival by the stage of testicular cancer:^[1]

Stage	5-year relative survival (%), (2004-2010)
All stages	95.3%
Localized	99.2%
Regional	96%
Distant	73.1%
Unstaged	78.8%

Shown below is an image depicting the 5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 1998 and 2010 of testicular cancer by stage at diagnosis according to SEER. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.^[1]

Recurrence

Patients who are diagnosed with testicular cancer should be followed up to detect any recurrence of the cancer. Follow up visits should be scheduled with the physician at time intervals that vary according to the type and stage of testicular cancer. During follow up visits, patients should undergo laboratory tests to measure the level of tumor markers as well as imaging.

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.

Template:WikiDoc Sources

[SEER-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.

[1]

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 ==Overview==
-==Natural History==
 ==Complications==
@@ Line 18: / Line 17: @@
 *[[Infertility]] (if both testicles are removed)
-If you are of childbearing age, ask your doctor about methods to save your sperm for use at a later date.
+Infertility can occur among patients with testicular cancer. If the patient is of childbearing age, he should be advised informed about the possibility of infertility and the solutions to this problem, such as sperm banking.
+Men who had testicular cancer are at an elevated risk of cancer in the other testis.
 ==Prognosis==
-Regular follow-up exams are extremely important for men who have been treated for testicular cancer. Like all cancers, testicular cancer can recur (come back). Men who have had testicular cancer should see their doctor regularly and should report any unusual symptoms right away. Follow-up varies for different types and stages of testicular cancer. Generally, patients are checked frequently by their doctor and have regular blood tests to measure tumor marker levels. They also have regular x-rays and computed tomography, also called CT scans or CAT scans (detailed pictures of areas inside the body created by a computer linked to an x-ray machine). Men who have had testicular cancer have an increased likelihood of developing cancer in the remaining testicle. Patients treated with chemotherapy may have an increased risk of certain types of leukemia, as well as other types of cancer. Regular follow-up care ensures that changes in health are discussed and that problems are treated as soon as possible.
-Men with testicular cancer should discuss their concerns about sexual function and fertility with their doctor. It is important to know that men with testicular cancer often have fertility problems even before their cancer is treated. If a man has pre-existing fertility problems, or if he is to have treatment that might lead to infertility, he may want to ask the doctor about sperm banking (freezing sperm before treatment for use in the future). This procedure allows some men to have children even if the treatment causes loss of fertility.
 ===5-Year Survival===
@@ Line 51: / Line 48: @@
 [[Image:5-year survival for testicular cancer.PNG|5-year conditional relative survival (probability of surviving in the next 5-years given the cohort has already survived 0, 1, 3 years) between 1998 and 2010 of testicular cancer by stage at diagnosis according to [[SEER]].]]
+===Recurrence===
+Patients who are diagnosed with testicular cancer should be followed up to detect any recurrence of the cancer. Follow up visits should be scheduled with the physician at time intervals that vary according to the type and stage of testicular cancer. During follow up visits, patients should undergo laboratory tests to measure the level of tumor markers as well as imaging.
 ==References==