Ebola history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Case definition recommendations== | ==Case definition recommendations== | ||
* Standard case definition recommended by [[WHO]]-AFRO for the notification of [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases:<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Dengue: Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg Virus Diseases | url = http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/ebola-case-definition-contact-en.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref> | * Standard case definition recommended by [[WHO]]-AFRO for the notification of [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases:<ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Dengue: Case definition recommendations for Ebola or Marburg Virus Diseases | url = http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ebola/ebola-case-definition-contact-en.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref> | ||
** Suspected [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases for routine | ** Suspected [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases for routine surveillance: Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of [[fever]] in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody [[diarrhea]], bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin ([[purpura]]), bleeding into eyes and urine. | ||
** Confirmed [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases for routine surveillance: A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive [[IgM]] [[antibody]], positive [[PCR]] or viral isolation). | ** Confirmed [[Ebola]] or [[Marburg]] cases for routine surveillance: A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive [[IgM]] [[antibody]], positive [[PCR]] or viral isolation). | ||
Revision as of 17:00, 17 June 2014
Ebola Microchapters |
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Ebola history and symptoms On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Ebola hemorrhagic fever is potentially lethal and encompasses a range of symptoms including fever, vomiting, diarrhea, generalized pain or malaise, and sometimes internal and external bleeding.
Case definition recommendations
- Standard case definition recommended by WHO-AFRO for the notification of Ebola or Marburg cases:[1]
- Suspected Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance: Illness with onset of fever and no response to treatment for usual causes of fever in the area, and at least one of the following signs: bloody diarrhea, bleeding from gums, bleeding into skin (purpura), bleeding into eyes and urine.
- Confirmed Ebola or Marburg cases for routine surveillance: A suspected case with laboratory confirmation (positive IgM antibody, positive PCR or viral isolation).
History and Symptoms
Symptoms are varied and often appear suddenly. Initial symptoms include:
- High fever (at least 38.8°C; 101.8°F)
- Severe headache
- Muscle pain
- Joint pain
- Abdominal pain
- Severe weakness
- Exhaustion
- Sore throat
- Nausea
- Dizziness
Ebola may progress to cause more serious symptoms, such as:
- Diarrhea
- Dark or bloody feces
- Vomiting blood
- Red eyes due to distension
- Hemorrhage of sclerotic arterioles
- Petechia
- Maculopapular rash
- Purpura
The interior bleeding is caused by a chemical reaction between the virus and the platelets which creates a chemical that will cut cell sized holes into the capillary walls. After 5-7 days the person will die of "a million cuts." Occasionally, internal and external hemorrhage from orifices, such as the nose and mouth may also occur, as well as from incompletely healed injuries such as needle-puncture sites. Ebola virus can affect the levels of white blood cells and platelets, disrupting clotting. Fewer than 50 percent of patients will not develop any hemorrhaging.