Ebola differential diagnosis: Difference between revisions
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==Differentiating Ebola from other Diseases== | ==Differentiating Ebola from other Diseases== | ||
Shown below is a table summarizing the typical findings of the differential diagnoses of ebola. | Shown below is a table summarizing the typical findings of the differential diagnoses of ebola. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and sometimes [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leucocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Typhoid fever]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Typhoid fever]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with fever, headache, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, with lymphadenopathy, relative bradycardia, cough and leucopenia and sometimes sore throat. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[rash]], gastrointestinal symptoms, with [[lymphadenopathy]], relative [[bradycardia]], [[cough]] and [[leucopenia]] and sometimes [[sore throat]]. [[Blood]] and [[stool culture]] can demonstrate causative bacteria. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with acute fever, headache and sometime | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with acute [[fever]], [[headache]] and sometime [[diarrhea]] (children). [[Blood smears]] must be examined for malaria parasites. Presence of [[parasites]] does not exclude concurrent viral infection. [[Antimalarial]] must be prescribed in an attempt at therapy. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Lassa fever]]''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Lassa fever]]''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Disease onset is usually gradual, with fever, sore throat, cough, pharyngitis, and facial edema in the later stages. Inflammation and exudation of the pharynx and conjunctiva are common. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Disease onset is usually gradual, with [[fever]], [[sore throat]], [[cough]], [[pharyngitis]], and [[facial edema]] in the later stages. Inflammation and exudation of the [[pharynx]] and [[conjunctiva]] are common. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with [[hemorrhagic]] complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruse]]s. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]]. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, rheumatic fever, typhus, and mononucleosis produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with Ebola in the early stages of infection. | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Viral hepatitis]], [[leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with [[Ebola]] in the early stages of infection. | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #FFF;" colspan="2"| <SMALL>Table adapted from WHO Guidelines For Epidemic Preparedness And Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever <ref name="WHO"> {{cite web| title=WHO Guidelines For Epidemic Preparedness And Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever |url= http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63806 }} </ref></SMALL> | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #FFF;" colspan="2"| <SMALL>Table adapted from WHO Guidelines For Epidemic Preparedness And Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever <ref name="WHO"> {{cite web| title=WHO Guidelines For Epidemic Preparedness And Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever |url= http://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/63806 }} </ref></SMALL> | ||
Revision as of 20:02, 19 June 2014
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Ebola Microchapters |
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Ebola differential diagnosis On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Ebola differential diagnosis |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Differentiating Ebola from other Diseases
Shown below is a table summarizing the typical findings of the differential diagnoses of ebola.
| Disease | Findings |
|---|---|
| Shigellosis & other bacterial enteric infections | Presents with diarrhea, possibly bloody, accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, cramps, and tenesmus. Stools contain blood and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and blood smears, should be made. Presence of leucocytosis distinguishes bacterial infections. |
| Typhoid fever | Presents with fever, headache, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms, with lymphadenopathy, relative bradycardia, cough and leucopenia and sometimes sore throat. Blood and stool culture can demonstrate causative bacteria. |
| Malaria | Presents with acute fever, headache and sometime diarrhea (children). Blood smears must be examined for malaria parasites. Presence of parasites does not exclude concurrent viral infection. Antimalarial must be prescribed in an attempt at therapy. |
| Lassa fever | Disease onset is usually gradual, with fever, sore throat, cough, pharyngitis, and facial edema in the later stages. Inflammation and exudation of the pharynx and conjunctiva are common. |
| Yellow fever and other Flaviviridae | Present with hemorrhagic complications. Epidemiological investigation may reveal a pattern of disease transmission by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these viruses. Confirmed history of previous yellow fever vaccination will rule out yellow fever. |
| Others | Viral hepatitis, leptospirosis, rheumatic fever, typhus, and mononucleosis produce signs and symptoms that may be confused with Ebola in the early stages of infection. |
| Table adapted from WHO Guidelines For Epidemic Preparedness And Response: Ebola Haemorrhagic Fever [1] | |