Anthrax physical examination: Difference between revisions

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=====Rate=====
=====Rate=====
=====Cutaneous Anthrax=====
=====Cutaneous Anthrax=====
* Tachycardia is often present
* [[Tachycardia]] is often present


=====Gastrointestinal Anthrax=====
=====Gastrointestinal Anthrax=====
* Tachycardia is often present
* [[Tachycardia]] is often present




=====Inhalation or Pulmonary Anthrax=====
=====Inhalation or Pulmonary Anthrax=====
* Tachycardia is often present
* [[Tachycardia]] is often present




=====Injection Anthrax=====
=====Injection Anthrax=====
* Tachycardia is often present
* [[Tachycardia]] is often present
 
=====Rhythm=====
*The pulse is regular
*The pules is irregularly irregular
=====Strength=====
*The pulse may be weak
*The pulse may be bounding
*The pulse may be alternating in strength ([[pulsus alternans]])
*A [[paradoxical pulse]] may be present
 
=====Symmetry=====
*The pulses may be asymmetric


====Blood Pressure====
====Blood Pressure====
*[[Hypotension]] may be present
=====Cutaneous Anthrax=====
*[[Hypertension]] may be present
* [[Hypotension]] may be present in severe systemic cases
*A [[wide pulse pressure]] may be present
*A [[narrow pulse pressure]] may be present
 
====Respiratory Rate====
*[[Tachypnea]] may be present
*[[Bradypnea]] may be present
* [[Kussmaul respirations]] may be present


===Skin===
===Skin===
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Jaundice]] may be present
* A rash may be present
* [[Pallor]] may be present
* Lesions may be present
===Head===
* Abnormalities of the head/hair may include ___
* There may be evidence of trauma
===Eyes===
*Icteric sclera may be present
* [[Nystagmus]] may be present.
* Extra-ocular movements may be abnormal
*Pupils may not react to light
*Ophthalmoscopic exam may be abnormal with findings of ___
===Ears===
* Hearing acuity may be reduced
*[[Weber test]] may be positive
*[[Rinne test]] may be positive
* There may be [[exudate]] from the ear canal
* There may be [[tenderness]] on movement of the pinnae
===Nose===
* Nares may be inflamed
* There may be [[epistaxis]]
* There may be [[purulent]] exudate from the nares
* There may be [[tenderness]] to percussion of the sinuses
* The nares may be congested
===Throat===
* The throat may be erythematous
* There may be [[exudate]] in the throat
* There may be [[petechiae]] seen in the throat
* There may be tonsillar inflammation
===Neck===
*[[Jugular venous pressure]] may be elevated
*[[Carotid bruits]] may be present
*[[Lymph nodes]] may be present
*[[Thyromegaly]] may be present
*[[Hepatojugular reflux]] may be present
===Lungs===
*[[Pulmonary edema]] and [[rales]] may be present
*[[Wheezing]] may be present
*Consolidation may be present with reduced breath sounds auscultated
*[[Rales]] may be present
*[[Egophony]] may be present
* Chest movement may be assymetric
===Heart===
*A [[heave]] may be present
*A [[thrill]] may be present
*A [[friction rub]] may be pressent
====Auscultation====
*[[Heart sounds#First heart tone S1, the "lub"(components M1 and T1)|S1]]
*[[Heart sounds#Second heart tone S2 the "dub"(components A2 and P2)|S2]]
*[[Heart sounds#Third heart sound S3|S3]]
*[[Heart sounds#Fourth heart sound S4|S4]]
*[[Heart sounds#Summation Gallop|Gallops]]
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the base may be present
*A [[systolic murmur]] best heard at the apex may be present
*A [[diastolic murmur]] may be present
===Abdomen===
*[[Abdominal distention]] may be present
*[[Abdominal tenderness]] may be present
*[[Rebound tenderness]] may be present
*An [[acute abdomen]] may be present
*An abdominal mass may be present
*Guarding may be present
*[[Hepatomegaly]] may be present
*[[Splenomegaly]] may be present
*Genitourinary exam if relevant
===Extremities===
*[[Clubbing]] may be present
*[[Cyanosis]] may be present
*[[Edema]] may be present


===Neurologic===
* A rash is often present. Initially appearing as a small papule, will then develop into a ring of vesicles around the papule, with possible exudate.
* Mental status may be altered
* Glasgow coma scale is ___
* Clonus may be present
* Hyperactive reflexes may be present
* There are deficits in cranial nerves ___


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 11:22, 17 July 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Physical Examination

Appearance of the Patient

The appearance of the patients and physical exam will depend on the type of anthrax present in that patient.

Vitals

Temperature

Pulse

Rate
Cutaneous Anthrax
Gastrointestinal Anthrax


Inhalation or Pulmonary Anthrax


Injection Anthrax

Blood Pressure

Cutaneous Anthrax

Skin

  • A rash is often present. Initially appearing as a small papule, will then develop into a ring of vesicles around the papule, with possible exudate.

References

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