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Created page with "{{WBRQuestion |QuestionAuthor={{Rim}} |ExamType=USMLE Step 1 |MainCategory=Physiology |SubCategory=Renal |MainCategory=Physiology |SubCategory=Renal |MainCategory=Physiology |..."
 
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{{WBRQuestion
{{WBRQuestion
|QuestionAuthor={{Rim}}
|QuestionAuthor={{Rim}} {{Alison}}
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|MainCategory=Physiology
|MainCategory=Physiology
Line 20: Line 20:
|MainCategory=Physiology
|MainCategory=Physiology
|SubCategory=Renal
|SubCategory=Renal
|Prompt=A researcher is studying the pathways that anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) undergoes before hormonal effect takes place. Following release from the supraoptic nuclei in the posterior hypothalamus, the researcher follows the signaling pathways of ADH V2.  Which of the following signaling pathways is utilized by ADH V2 receptors to achieve insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels in the collecting tubules of the kidney?
|Prompt=A researcher, studying the pathways that anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) undergoes before hormonal effect takes place, observes the signalling pathwasy of ADH V2 following release from the supraoptic nuclei in the posterior hypothalamus.  Which of the following signaling pathways is utilized by ADH V2 receptors to achieve insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels in the collecting tubules of the kidney?
|Explanation=There are several signaling pathways of the endocrine hormones.  It is important to note that the signaling pathway utilized by [[ADH]] V2 is different from ADH V1.  ADH V2 receptor activates the [[Gs-coupled receptor]] pathway that activates [[adenylyl cyclase]].  The latter catalyzes the conversion of [[ATP]] to [[cyclic AMP]] ([[cAMP]]) that activates [[protein kinase A]].  
|Explanation=There are several signaling pathways of the endocrine hormones.  The signaling pathway utilized by [[ADH]] V2 is different that used by ADH V1.  ADH V2 receptor activates the [[Gs-coupled receptor]] pathway, which activates [[adenylyl cyclase]].  This catalyzes the conversion of [[ATP]] to [[cyclic AMP]] ([[cAMP]]), activating [[protein kinase A]].  


On the other hand, ADH V1 utilizes another signaling pathway; the Gq-coupled receptor pathway that activates [[phospholipase C]] and ultimately leads to formation of [[inositol triphosphate]] ([[IP3]]) and [[diacyl glycerol]] ([[DAG]]) and activation of [[protein kinase C]].
[[ADH]] V1 utilizes the Gq-coupled receptor pathway, activating [[phospholipase C]], which leads to the formation of [[inositol triphosphate]] ([[IP3]]) and [[diacyl glycerol]] ([[DAG]]), as well as the activation of [[protein kinase C]].
 
|EducationalObjectives= [[ADH]] V1 utilizes the Gq-coupled receptor pathway, activating [[phospholipase C]], which leads to the formation of [[inositol triphosphate]] ([[IP3]]) and [[diacyl glycerol]] ([[DAG]]), as well as the activation of [[protein kinase C]].
|References= First Aid 2014 page 311


Educational Objective:
ADH V2 receptor activates the Gs-coupled receptor pathway that activates adenylyl cyclase.  The latter catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP) that activates protein kinase A.
|AnswerA=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase A  
|AnswerA=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase A  
|AnswerAExp=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase A is the signaling pathway of ADH V2.
|AnswerAExp=The G-coupled receptor pathway, which that eventually activates protein kinase A, is the signaling pathway of ADH V2.
|AnswerB=Receptor or intrinsic tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that eventually utilizes adapter protein
|AnswerB=The receptor or intrinsic tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that eventually activates an adapter protein
|AnswerBExp=This pathway is utilized by insulin and other growth factors, not ADH.
|AnswerBExp=This pathway is utilized by insulin and other growth factors, but not ADH.
|AnswerC=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase C
|AnswerC=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase C
|AnswerCExp=This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
|AnswerCExp=This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
|AnswerD=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase
|AnswerD=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase
|AnswerDExp=Gi-coupled receptor pathway inactivates  adenylyl cyclase.  On the contrary, ADH V2 receptor activate adenylyl cyclase by acting on the Gs-coupled receptors.
|AnswerDExp=Gi-coupled receptor pathway inactivates  adenylyl cyclase.  On the contrary, ADH V2 receptor activate adenylyl cyclase by acting on the Gs-coupled receptors.
|AnswerE=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates leads to formation of inositol triphosphate  
|AnswerE=G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually leads to the formation of inositol triphosphate  
|AnswerEExp=This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
|AnswerEExp=This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
|RightAnswer=A
|RightAnswer=A
|WBRKeyword=signaling, pathway, G couple, receptor, protein, kinase A, Anti, diuretic, hormone, ADH
|WBRKeyword=signaling, pathway, G couple, receptor, enzymes, kinase A, antidiuretic hormone, ADH, hormones,
|Approved=No
|Approved=Yes
}}
}}

Revision as of 17:06, 23 July 2014
Author [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1] (Reviewed by Alison Leibowitz)]]
Exam Type ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category MainCategory::Physiology
Sub Category SubCategory::Renal
Prompt [[Prompt::A researcher, studying the pathways that anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) undergoes before hormonal effect takes place, observes the signalling pathwasy of ADH V2 following release from the supraoptic nuclei in the posterior hypothalamus. Which of the following signaling pathways is utilized by ADH V2 receptors to achieve insertion of aquaporin-2 water channels in the collecting tubules of the kidney?]]
Answer A AnswerA::G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase A
Answer A Explanation AnswerAExp::The G-coupled receptor pathway, which that eventually activates protein kinase A, is the signaling pathway of ADH V2.
Answer B AnswerB::The receptor or intrinsic tyrosine kinase signaling pathway that eventually activates an adapter protein
Answer B Explanation AnswerBExp::This pathway is utilized by insulin and other growth factors, but not ADH.
Answer C AnswerC::G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually activates protein kinase C
Answer C Explanation AnswerCExp::This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
Answer D AnswerD::G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually inhibits the activity of adenylyl cyclase
Answer D Explanation AnswerDExp::Gi-coupled receptor pathway inactivates adenylyl cyclase. On the contrary, ADH V2 receptor activate adenylyl cyclase by acting on the Gs-coupled receptors.
Answer E AnswerE::G-coupled receptor pathway that eventually leads to the formation of inositol triphosphate
Answer E Explanation AnswerEExp::This pathway is utilized by ADH V1.
Right Answer RightAnswer::A
Explanation [[Explanation::There are several signaling pathways of the endocrine hormones. The signaling pathway utilized by ADH V2 is different that used by ADH V1. ADH V2 receptor activates the Gs-coupled receptor pathway, which activates adenylyl cyclase. This catalyzes the conversion of ATP to cyclic AMP (cAMP), activating protein kinase A.

ADH V1 utilizes the Gq-coupled receptor pathway, activating phospholipase C, which leads to the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacyl glycerol (DAG), as well as the activation of protein kinase C.
Educational Objective: ADH V1 utilizes the Gq-coupled receptor pathway, activating phospholipase C, which leads to the formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) and diacyl glycerol (DAG), as well as the activation of protein kinase C.
References: First Aid 2014 page 311]]

Approved Approved::Yes
Keyword WBRKeyword::signaling, WBRKeyword::pathway, WBRKeyword::G couple, WBRKeyword::receptor, WBRKeyword::enzymes, WBRKeyword::kinase A, WBRKeyword::antidiuretic hormone, WBRKeyword::ADH, WBRKeyword::hormones
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