Mental retardation risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chelsea Mae Nobleza, M.D.[2] Kiran Singh, M.D. [3]

Overview

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.

Risk Factors

There are no established risk factors for [disease name].

OR

The most potent risk factor in the development of [disease name] is [risk factor 1]. Other risk factors include [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

OR

Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Common Risk Factors

• Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and viral.
• Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
  • [Risk factor 1]
  • [Risk factor 2]
  • [Risk factor 3]

Less Common Risk Factors

• Less common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
  • [Risk factor 1]
  • [Risk factor 2]
  • [Risk factor 3]

Overview

Risk factors for mental retardation include genetic syndromes, hypoxic ischemic injury, and seizure disorders among others.

Risk Factors

• Genetic syndromes (e.g., sequence variations or copy number variants involving one or more genes; chromosomal disorders)
• Inborn errors of metabolism
• Brain malformations
• Maternal disease (including placental disease)
• Environmental influences (e.g., alcohol, other drugs, toxins, teratogens)
• Variety of labor and delivery-related events leading toneonatal encephalopathy
• Hypoxic ischemic injury
• Traumatic brain injury
• Infections
• Demyelinating disorders
• Seizure disorders (e.g., infantile spasms)
• Severe and chronic social deprivation
• Toxic metabolic syndromes and intoxications(e.g., lead, mercury)