Hypocalcemia history and symptoms
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Clinical presentation of hypocalcemia reflects the serum level of ionized calcium and depends on the severity of any concurrent electrolyte imbalance.[1][2]
Common manifestations of acute hypocalcemia include fatigue, muscle weakness, paresthesia, tetany, and neuropsychiatric disturbances.
History and Symptoms
Symptoms
Neuromuscular Excitability
- Fatigue
- Laryngeal or bronchial spasm
- Muscle twitching and cramping
- Muscle weakness
- Circumoral and extremity paresthesia or tingling
- Tetany
Central Nervous System Features
- Altered mental status
- Emotional disturbance (eg, irritability, depression, psychosis)
- Seizure
Cardiovascular Features
- Symptoms of congestive heart failure
References
- ↑ Taal, Maarten (2012). Brenner & Rector's the kidney. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1416061939.
- ↑ Johnson, Richard (2015). Comprehensive clinical nephrology. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 978-1455758388.