Chronic cholecystitis causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vendhan Ramanujam M.B.B.S [2]

Overview

Common causes of cholecystitis include infections and cholelithiasis.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. Acute cholecystitis may become complicated as abscess, gangrene or perforation in patients who are older, with diabetes or who delay seeking treatment. This complicated acute cholecystitis can by itself be life threatening.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Cholesterol emboli, gall bladder ischemia, hemobilia, vasculitis
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Ceftriaxone, clofibrate, febuxostat, estrogen, octreotide, opiates, oral contraceptives, Pergolide, pramipexole, Rilpivirine, Sorafenib, sunitinib, Teduglutide, Tiagabine, zonisamide
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	Acalculous cholecystitis, ampullary stenosis, calculous cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cirrhosis, Crohn's disease, gall bladder ischemia, gallbladder carcinoma, gallstones, hemobilia, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscess, pancreatic tumor
Genetic	Choledochal cyst, sickle cell disease
Hematologic	Hemolysis, sickle cell disease
Iatrogenic	Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Infectious Disease	Ascaris lumbricoides, bacteroides, brucella, campylobacter jejuni, candida, choledochal cyst, coxiella burnetii, echinococcus granulosus, edwardsiella tarda, epstein-barr virus, escherichia coli, flavivirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, HIV, infections, isospora, klebsiella, leptospira, liver abscess, microsporidiosis, mycobacterium tuberculosis, opisthorchiasis, plasmodium, salmonella enterica, salmonella infections, salmonella typhi, typhoid fever, vibrio cholerae
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Acute myelogenous leukemia, gallbladder carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, malignancy, pancreatic tumor
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	Crohn's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, SLE, vasculitis
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	Cholesterol emboli
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Idiopathic

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

↑ Gouma, DJ.; Obertop, H. (1992). "Acute calculous cholecystitis. What is new in diagnosis and therapy?". HPB Surg. 6 (2): 69–78. PMID 1292590.
↑ Khuroo, MS. (1996). "Ascariasis". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25 (3): 553–77. PMID 8863040. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Araujo, PS.; Medeiros, Z.; Melo, FL.; Maciel, MA.; Melo, HR. "Candida famata-induced fulminating cholecystitis". Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 46 (6): 795–6. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0162-2013. PMID 24474028.
↑ Cello, JP. (1998). "AIDS-Related biliary tract disease". Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 8 (4): 963. PMID 9730942. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
↑ Yasri, S.; Wiwanitkit, V. "Acute typhic cholecystitis". Afr J Paediatr Surg. 10 (4): 395. doi:10.4103/0189-6725.125464. PMID 24469500.

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[Gouma-1992-1] Gouma, DJ.; Obertop, H. (1992). "Acute calculous cholecystitis. What is new in diagnosis and therapy?". HPB Surg. 6 (2): 69–78. PMID 1292590.

[Khuroo-1996-2] Khuroo, MS. (1996). "Ascariasis". Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 25 (3): 553–77. PMID 8863040. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Araujo--3] Araujo, PS.; Medeiros, Z.; Melo, FL.; Maciel, MA.; Melo, HR. "Candida famata-induced fulminating cholecystitis". Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 46 (6): 795–6. doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0162-2013. PMID 24474028.

[Cello-1998-4] Cello, JP. (1998). "AIDS-Related biliary tract disease". Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 8 (4): 963. PMID 9730942. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

[Yasri--5] Yasri, S.; Wiwanitkit, V. "Acute typhic cholecystitis". Afr J Paediatr Surg. 10 (4): 395. doi:10.4103/0189-6725.125464. PMID 24469500.

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